Assessment of ART adverse reactions and determinants at primary hospital in Ethiopia

Abstract

Background: Much progress has been made in treating HIV infection in the last several years and currently antiretroviral therapy regimens are capable of reducing viral load of undetectable level with a consequent increase in T-lymphocyte, CD4+ counts and reduction in development of opportunistic infections. Hence, a substantial reduction in HIV associated morbidity and mortality can be attained. In spite of antiretroviral therapy benefits, adverse reaction to these drugs has been pointed to as one of the main reason for discontinuation, switch and non adherence to antiretroviral therapy. Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective review of patient record from December 2009-Novomber 2012 was performed to determine the common adverse drug reactions in patients taking ART medications. A sample of 154 who were taking ART medications at Ambo Zonal Hospital was studied and SPSS for windows software versions-16.0 was used for data analysis. Results: A total of patients with average age of 32.5 years who are taking ART drugs for more than 6 months were studied for the prevalence of adverse reactions. The frequency of GI tract adverse reactions were found to be 75 (48.7%) followed by CNS adverse effects, 55 (35.7%) skin reactions accounted for 29 (18.8%). The least frequently occurred adverse reactions were hematologic reaction (anemia). Patients with low BMI (OR =4.09, p=0.000), having comorbidities (OR=4.566, p=0.000), low CD4+, p=0.002) and treated by TDF/3-TC/EFV (OR=2.087, p=0.001) had high risk of developing adverse drug recreations. Conclusions: BMI, the presence of other diseases, types of regimen used, duration of therapy and CD4+ lymphocyte less than 400cell/mm3 were strongly associated with the occurrence of adverse drug effects in this study. [Int J Basic Clin Pharmacol 2013; 2(2.000): 208-215

Gender Differences in Adverse Drug Reactions during HAART Therapy in HIV/AIDS Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital Penang, Malaysia

“…However, higher prevalence rate of 71.7% was observed in female married patients. These results are supported by the study conducted in Ethiopia [21]. The reason may be that majority of the HIV infected female patients were married.…”

Prevalence of ADRs and Associated Factors of Antiretroviral Treatment on HIV Positive Adults at Jush

“…35 This may because of exclusion of mild ADRs may be contributory to the low ADR in the study done in India, but lower when compare to study done in Ambo zonal hospital 36 is 81.5%. There is another assessment of adherence to ARV therapy at the Ministry of National Defense Force hospitals showed that 54.0% developed mild ADRs, 37 it is also less than our study results.…”

“…The sample size for the study was determined based on patients taking ART develop ADRs from research done in Ambo zonal hospital. 32 Taking critical value at 95% confidence level, degree of precision 0.05, missing or incomplete record by adding 10% of the contingency (21 patients) minimum actual sample size is 233. Every 10th patient's clinical record is included in the sample.…”

<p>Patient Reported Central Nervous System Adverse Events of Efavirenz-Based Antiretroviral Therapy in People Living with HIV in Northwest Ethiopia</p>

“…16,17 However, the prevalence rate reported in this study is higher than the report from Ambo referral hospital, Ethiopia, which is 35.7%. 8 This difference might be because the study in Ambo referral hospital included patients who took ART for more than 6 months, obtained data from patient charts only and included patients on non-EFV-based ART regimens. The most commonly reported CNS adverse events in our study were vivid dreams (29.9%), confusion (27.5%), insomnia (24.1%) and somnolence/drowsiness (20.9%).…”