Assessment of Arsenic Removal Units in Arsenic-Prone Rural Area in Uttar Pradesh, India

Future perspectives and mitigation strategies towards groundwater arsenic contamination in West Bengal, India

“…), followed by discharging or detaining the mixture in an enclosed and bottom‐sealed soak pit or biogas plant, had been a preferred disposal option in the remote villages of the Bengal basin (Han et al., 2004; Maňáková et al., 2014; Mohapatra et al., 2008; Nguyen et al., 2014; Ranjan et al., 2009; Sullivan et al., 2010; UNIDO, 2001; Vašíčková et al., 2016). Scrupulous attempts have been made to analyze the effectiveness of arsenic fixation under the cap‐open (oxidizing) and cap‐closed (reducing) conditions (Ali et al., 2003; Chakrabarty, 2000; Eriksen & Zinia, 2001; Kumari et al., 2005; Kumar et al., 2019; Rahman et al., 2014; Zhao et al., 2013). It has been found that biotic transformation of arsenic species due to microbial action leads to volatilization of arsenic, thereby releasing toxic As$${( {{\rm{C}}{{\rm{H}}_3}} )_3}$$ (i.e., trimethylarsine) and As$${{\rm{H}}_3}$$ (i.e., arsine) gases.…”

Neural Network and Random Forest-Based Analyses of the Performance of Community Drinking Water Arsenic Treatment Plants

“…Adsorption, which is one of the most widely used and proven technologies to remediate arsenic-contaminated water, can effectively bring the contaminant level below 10 µg/L. Activated alumina (AA) [4], iron-based sorbents such as ZVI [25] and HFO [4], and ironcoated sand [27] are some of the most commonly used adsorbents at the field-scale level. A multi-stage treatment unit based on the principle of oxidation-coagulation-adsorptionfiltration using activated alumina and HFO as an adsorbent was adopted by the government of Uttar Pradesh, India.…”

“…A multi-stage treatment unit based on the principle of oxidation-coagulation-adsorptionfiltration using activated alumina and HFO as an adsorbent was adopted by the government of Uttar Pradesh, India. The performance of 200 such arsenic removal units (ARUs) with initial arsenic concentrations ranging from 50 to 1000 µg/L was evaluated by Kumar et al, who found that only one of the 200 filters produced filtered water with an arsenic content below 10 µg/L [4]. A study performed by Kurz et al, in 2020, discussed SAR from groundwater in Mekong Delta, Vietnam, based on the principles of adsorption and the co-precipitation of arsenic with iron-(hydr)oxides or HFOs and found arsenic concentration reduction to be below 10 µg/L from an average initial concentration of 81 ± 8 µg/L.…”

“…At present, more than 200 million people in over 100 countries around the globe are chronically exposed to an elevated dose of arsenic-contaminated water [3]. In India, West Bengal, eastern parts of Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Bihar, Assam, Punjab, Rajasthan, Orissa, and Gujarat are among the reported states where an alarming level of arsenic contamination was found in groundwater [4][5][6][7]. Severe health manifestations include hyperkeratosis, hyper-pigmentation, melanosis, gangrene, diabetes mellitus, Blackfoot disease, ischemic heart disease, hypertension, etc.…”

Parasitic Light Absorption, Rate Laws and Heterojunctions in the Photocatalytic Oxidation of Arsenic(III) Using Composite TiO2/Fe2O3

“…Coupling photocatalysts with an adsorbent material possessing affinity for the adsorption of As(V) is a promising strategy for the one‐step remediation of As(III). This approach simplifies the oxidation‐adsorption treatment, by using a single material in a single reactor, which may be advantageous given that many arsenic treatment plants fail due to maintenance issues [7,8,14,15] . A variety of different composite photocatalyst‐sorbent materials have been investigated [16–18] .…”