Assessment of anxiety in Mexican persons living with HIV using a culturally-adapted version of the GAD-7 test

Gutiérrez-Velilla, Ester; Barrientos-Casarrubias, Vania; Cruz-Maycott, Rosa; Perrusquia-Ortiz, Lydia E.; Barrera, Claudia Alvarado-de la; Ávila‐Ríos, Santiago; Caballero-Suárez, Nancy Patricia

doi:10.1177/13591053211072687

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Scores of 10-14 are associated with a moderate level of anxious symptomatology and values greater than or equal to 15 with severe symptomatology (Table 1). The validation in the Mexican population (Gutiérrez-Velilla et al, 2022) obtained a Cronbach´s α = 0.82, a single factor explained 48.8% of variance, and the confirmatory analysis showed a model fit adequately (CFI = 0.0991, CMIN/DF = 1.924, RMSEA = 0.042, and SMRMR = 0.026).…”

Section: Data Collection and Measurementmentioning

confidence: 89%

Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder, emotional impairments, and fear in COVID-19 surviving patients

Lizzbett

Viridiana²,

Orea-Tejeda³

et al. 2022

Front. Virtual Real.

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Introduction: Among the different psychological sequelae of post-COVID syndrome are symptoms related to emotional impairment, mostly depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).Objective: To describe and compare the prevalence and severity of PTSD, anxiety, depression, and fear of COVID-19 in survivors 3 months after discharge from the hospital.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted, a total of 227 survivors of COVID-19 participated; they were assessed 3 months after being discharged from the hospital. A psychological evaluation focused on anxiety, depression, PTSD, and fear was conducted. Statistical analysis through the t-test for independent samples was performed.Results: Of the patients, 64.5% were men, 60.9% required invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) during hospitalization, and the average age was about 48.23 ± 14.33 years. Also, 40% showed symptoms associated with PTSD, 38.4% exhibited anxiety, 36.6% depression, and 36.12% exhibited fear of COVID-19. There were statistically significant differences between men and women, in PTSD (t = -3.414, df = 224, p = 0.001, x̅m = 5.10, x̅w = 6.32), depression (t = -4.680, df = 225, p = 0.000, x̅m = 3.64, x̅w = 7.18), anxiety (t = -3.427, df = 152.53, p = 0.001, x̅m = 3.78, x̅w = 6.20), and fear of COVID-19 (t = -3.400, df = 224, p = 0.001, x̅m = 11.88, x̅w = 15.19). Furthermore, there were also statistically significant differences between the type of treatment during hospitalization (IMV vs. without IMV), in PTSD (t = 2.482, df = 223, p = 0.014, x̅IMV = 5.21, x̅WIMV = 6.08) and anxiety (t = -2.006, df = 223, p = 0.046, x̅IMV = 4.05, x̅WIMV = 5.44).Conclusion: Survivors of COVID-19 experience a high prevalence of PTSD, anxiety, depression, and fear, even 3 months after discharge from the hospital. Females and patients who did not require IMV during hospitalization are the most affected population, presenting more severe symptoms of these psychological alterations. More research is required to know and observe the long-term evolution of these psychological alterations in this population.

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Section: Data Collection and Measurementmentioning

confidence: 89%

Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder, emotional impairments, and fear in COVID-19 surviving patients

Lizzbett

Viridiana²,

Orea-Tejeda³

et al. 2022

Front. Virtual Real.

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“…Those giving verbal consent to participate answered a structured interview, previously reviewed and discussed by psychologists, to collect sociodemographic information and data about the number of ART doses taken in the last thirty days. In addition, the General Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) [ 40 ], the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) [ 41 , 42 ] and the Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) [ 43 ] were applied. Psychologists gave feedback to the participants, according to their anxiety, depression, and substance use scores.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anxiety symptoms were measured by using the culturally-adapted Spanish version of GAD-7 [ 40 ] which was validated in Mexican population living with HIV. The GAD-7 is a self-report scale based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) criteria for generalized anxiety disorder, including seven items scored from “0” (not at all) to “3” (nearly every day).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental health and adherence to antiretroviral therapy among Mexican people living with HIV during the COVID-19 pandemic

Gutiérrez-Velilla¹,

Barrientos-Casarrubias²,

Schjetnan³

et al. 2023

AIDS Res Ther

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Background The mental health and medical follow-up of people living with HIV (PLWH) have been disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The objectives of this study were to assess anxiety, depression and substance use in Mexican PLWH during the pandemic; to explore the association of these symptoms with adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART), and to compare patients with and without vulnerability factors (low socioeconomic level, previous psychological and/or psychiatric treatment). Methods We studied 1259 participants in a cross-sectional study, PLWH receiving care at the HIV clinic in Mexico City were contacted by telephone and invited to participate in the study. We included PLWH were receiving ART; answered a structured interview on sociodemographic data and adherence to ART; and completed the psychological instruments to assess depressive and anxiety symptoms and substance use risk. Data collection was performed from June 2020 to October 2021. Results 84.7% were men, 8% had inadequate ART adherence, 11% had moderate-severe symptoms of depression, and 13% had moderate-severe symptoms of anxiety. Adherence was related to psychological symptoms (p < 0.001). Vulnerable patients were more likely to be women, with low educational level and unemployed (p < 0.001). Conclusions It is important to address mental health of PLWH during the COVID-19 pandemic, with special attention to the most vulnerable individuals. Future studies are needed to understand the relationship between mental health and ART adherence.

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“…Anxiety symptoms of relatives were assessed with the culturally adapted Spanish version of the GAD-7. 32 This instrument was selected as it is a widely used tool, self-applicable and brief, which contains 7 items based on the diagnostic criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) for detection of generalized anxiety and other anxiety disorders. 33 This tool provides information about the level of anxiety and recommended interventions.…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anxiety and Depression in Family Members of Critically Ill Covid-19 Inpatients: Brief Psychological Interventions via Telephone, an Exploratory Study

Caballero-Suárez,

Barrientos-Casarrubias,

Gutiérrez-Velilla

et al. 2023

JMDH

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This study aimed to assess the level of anxiety and depression in relatives of critically ill COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), and to perform an exploratory pilot study on the implementation of telephone psychological interventions to reduce the initial levels of anxiety and depression in this population. Patients and Methods: Family members of COVID-19 inpatients at ICU answered GAD-7, PHQ-9 and questions on sociodemographic data. A brief psychological intervention was applied via telephone based on the needs of the participants (with adequate adaptation, with symptoms of anxiety, depression, or both). After intervention, participants completed the Patient Global Impression of Change Scale. Results: A total of 1307 relatives were included (66.5% female), 34% and 29% had anxiety and depressive symptoms, respectively. These symptoms were associated with female gender, unemployment, and being the parent or partner of the patient. After intervention, 57.9% reported felt better, 31.3% a little better and 6.6% much better; and with emotional regulation techniques and psychoeducation, higher percentages of feeling better or much better were reported. Conclusion: Brief interventions to reduce the psychological impact of inpatient family members could be effective but will need to be explored further in future studies.

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Assessment of anxiety in Mexican persons living with HIV using a culturally-adapted version of the GAD-7 test

Cited by 6 publications

References 45 publications

Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder, emotional impairments, and fear in COVID-19 surviving patients

Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder, emotional impairments, and fear in COVID-19 surviving patients

Mental health and adherence to antiretroviral therapy among Mexican people living with HIV during the COVID-19 pandemic

Anxiety and Depression in Family Members of Critically Ill Covid-19 Inpatients: Brief Psychological Interventions via Telephone, an Exploratory Study

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