Assessment of antioxidant activities in roots of Miswak (Salvadora persica) plants grown at two different locations in Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Traditionally, in Middle Eastern countries, many cultures use chewing sticks of arak for medicinal purposes especially, for oral cleanliness care. It was used by Muslims for treatment of teeth and highly recommended to be used by Muslims during the whole day. Therefore, the present work aimed to determine the total phenolic content and total flavonoids in two Miswak extracts obtained from arak roots collected from two different localities in Saudi Arabia. They were extracted with aqueous ethanol (80%) and used to estimate in vitro their antioxidative abilities. The new findings showed that the two tested extracts contained significantly different amounts of both total phenolic content and total flavonoids. According to the increase of total phenolic contents and total flavonoids obtained from the two extracts, Miswak collected from the southern region was found to contain more contents than those collected from the middle region. The results of antioxidant activities of Miswak root extract obtained by using different in vitro methods were varied depending on the technique used. According to the malondialdehyde (MDA) method, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging ability and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) methods, the two Miswak extracts exhibited to have high to very high antioxidant activities. Mostly, the values of antioxidant activities of Southern region have been shown to be always the highest.

Antihyperglycemic and Antihyperlipidemic Effects of Ferula duranii in Experimental Type 2 Diabetic Rats

“…In this connection, F. duranii is proved in the present study to contain several biologically active constituents. The antioxidant effect of the extract has been connected to its main components, phenolics and total flavonoids which can scavenge free radicals and decrease levels of reactive oxygen species (Ibrahim et al, 2015). These results are in accordance with many studies carried out by other researchers who attributed the antioxidant activities to the presence of phenolic and polyphenolic compounds in many of the medicinal plants (Vinson et al, 1995).…”

An in vitro evaluation of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum spp.) and Siwak (Salvadora persica) extracts for controlling the foulbrood pathogens of honeybee

“…Different organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate and water were used to extract the optimum yield of cinnamaldehyde, total phenolics content and eugenol from cinnamon species, whereas for cinnamaldehyde and total phenolics content, methanol showed best results and the concentrations were 23.625 and 9 mg/L respectively, then ethanol showed best results in extraction of eugenol and its concentration was 12.4 mg/L (Sree et al, 2012). While showing respect to Siwak, Ibrahim et al (2015) said that total phenolics content for S. persica collected from the southern region was 794.6 mg as D-catechin equiv/100 g Miswak, and the total flavonoids for the same Miswak samples was 503.8 as quercetin equiv/100 g Miswak, on other hand, the ratio of total flavonoids/total phenolics was 0.63 to 0.68 in the present samples indicating high proportions of flavonoids. Also, Alali et al (2007) recorded that total phenolics in aqueous and in methanol extracts of Salvadora persica were 12.8 and 10.1 mg GE/g dry weight respectively.…”

Role of Anthocleista vogelii in serum antioxidant defence system in cadmium-induced oxidative stress in Wistar rats

“…This was estimated following the procedure reported by Ibrahim et al [24] with minor changes. A 6.5-ml mixture containing 1.0 ml of test sample, 0.5 ml of Folinciocalteu reagent and 5 ml of double distilled water (ddH 2 O) was incubated for 5 min at room temperature.…”