Assessment of antibody level and avidity against Bordetella pertussis in a cohort of Egyptian individuals aged 1–18 years

Ibrahim, Nihal M.; El-Kady, Ebtsam M.; Eissa, Somiaa A.; Wahby, A.F.

doi:10.1016/j.jare.2015.03.002

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…Alternatively, a fixed concentration of antibody is incubated with single or increasing concentrations of the detergent [ 90 , 91 ]. Wide ranges of detergents such as urea, ammonium thiocyanate, and diethylamine with alternating concentrations have been used in pertussis studies [ 30 , 60 , 89 , 90 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 ]. Avidity index (AI) is commonly used to characterize the functionality of antibodies based on the proportion of strong binding of antibodies to an antigen after treating the antibodies with chaotropic solutions.…”

Section: Avidity As a Marker Of Effective Antibodies To Ptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Anti-PT Antibody Response after Pertussis Vaccination and Infection: The Importance of Both Quantity and Quality

Barkoff

Knuutila

Mertsola

et al. 2021

Toxins

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Pertussis toxin (PT) is considered the main virulence factor causing whooping cough or pertussis. The protein is widely studied and its composition was revealed and sequenced already during the 1980s. The human immune system creates a good response against PT when measured in quantity. However, the serum anti-PT antibodies wane rapidly, and only a small amount of these antibodies are found a few years after vaccination/infection. Therefore, multiple approaches to study the functionality (quality) of these antibodies, e.g., avidity, neutralizing capacity, and epitope specificity, have been investigated. In addition, the long-term B cell memory (Bmem) to PT is crucial for good protection throughout life. In this review, we summarize the findings from functional PT antibody and Bmem studies. These results are discussed in line with the quantity of serum anti-PT antibodies. PT neutralizing antibodies and anti-PT antibodies with proper avidity are crucial for good protection against the disease, and certain epitopes have been identified to have multiple functions in the protection. Although PT-specific Bmem responses are detectable at least five years after vaccination, long-term surveillance is lacking. Variation of the natural boosting of circulating Bordetella pertussis in communities is an important confounding factor in these memory studies.

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Section: Avidity As a Marker Of Effective Antibodies To Ptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Anti-PT Antibody Response after Pertussis Vaccination and Infection: The Importance of Both Quantity and Quality

Barkoff

Knuutila

Mertsola

et al. 2021

Toxins

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“…Since the last 58 amino acids are unique to M. catarrhalis OppA, epitope 4 could not be included in the 3D model. (36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41). Thus, identifying regions within OppA epitopes that generate high-avidity antibodies was another important factor taken into consideration in these studies (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping Protective Regions on a Three-Dimensional Model of the Moraxella catarrhalis Vaccine Antigen Oligopeptide Permease A

et al. 2018

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A vaccine against would reduce tremendous morbidity, mortality, and financial burden by preventing otitis media in children and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in adults. Oligopeptide permease A (OppA) is a candidate vaccine antigen that is (i) a nutritional virulence factor expressed on the bacterial cell surface during infection, (ii) widely conserved among strains, (iii) highly immunogenic, and (iv) a protective antigen based on its capacity to induce protective responses in immunized animals. In the present study, we show that the antibodies to OppA following vaccination mediate accelerated clearance in animals after pulmonary challenge. To identify regions of OppA that bind protective antibodies, truncated constructs of OppA were engineered and studied to map regions of OppA with surface-accessible epitopes that bind high-avidity antibodies following vaccination. Protective epitopes were located in the N and C termini of the protein. Immunization of mice with constructs corresponding to these regions (T5 and T8) induced protective responses. Studies of overlapping peptide libraries of constructs T5 and T8 with OppA immune serum identified two discrete regions on each construct. These potentially protective regions weremapped on a three-dimensional computational model of OppA, where regions with solvent-accessible amino acids were identified as three potentially protective epitopes. In all, these studies revealed two regions with three specific epitopes in OppA that induce potentially protective antibody responses following vaccination. Detection of antibodies to these regions could serve to guide vaccine formulation and as a diagnostic tool for monitoring development of protective responses during clinical trials.

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“…This type of evaluation might not be sufficient to confirm the protective outcome of vaccination, as the quality of the generated antibodies is the most relevant type of response [99]. The titre reflects the occurrence and the quantity of vaccine-specific antibodies whereas the quality is more appropriately mirrored by their affinity and repertoire [125,126,127,128,129]. …”

Section: The Immune System Comes Of Age and Senescesmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Immunologically Archaic to Neoteric Glycovaccines

Cavallari

Libero

2017

Vaccines

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Polysaccharides (PS) are present in the outermost surface of bacteria and readily come in contact with immune cells. They interact with specific antibodies, which in turn confer protection from infections. Vaccines with PS from pneumococci, meningococci, Haemophilus influenzae type b, and Salmonella typhi may be protective, although with the important constraint of failing to generate permanent immunological memory. This limitation has in part been circumvented by conjugating glycovaccines to proteins that stimulate T helper cells and facilitate the establishment of immunological memory. Currently, protection evoked by conjugated PS vaccines lasts for a few years. The same approach failed with PS from staphylococci, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Klebsiella. All those germs cause severe infections in humans and often develop resistance to antibiotic therapy. Thereby, prevention is of increasing importance to better control outbreaks. As only 23 of more than 90 pneumococcal serotypes and 4 of 13 clinically relevant Neisseria meningitidis serogroups are covered by available vaccines there is still tremendous clinical need for PS vaccines. This review focuses on glycovaccines and the immunological mechanisms for their success or failure. We discuss recent advances that may facilitate generation of high affinity anti-PS antibodies and confer specific immunity and long-lasting protection.

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Assessment of antibody level and avidity against Bordetella pertussis in a cohort of Egyptian individuals aged 1–18 years

Cited by 10 publications

References 35 publications

Evaluation of Anti-PT Antibody Response after Pertussis Vaccination and Infection: The Importance of Both Quantity and Quality

Evaluation of Anti-PT Antibody Response after Pertussis Vaccination and Infection: The Importance of Both Quantity and Quality

Mapping Protective Regions on a Three-Dimensional Model of the Moraxella catarrhalis Vaccine Antigen Oligopeptide Permease A

From Immunologically Archaic to Neoteric Glycovaccines

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