Assessment of analgesic and neuropharmacological activity of leaves of Bixa orellana (Family: Bixaceae)

Abstract

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <em>Bixa orellana</em> Linn, (Family: Bixaceae) commonly known as “Lipstick tree” have been extensively used traditional medicine in India and others part of the world to cure laxative, cardiotonic, hypotensive, expectorant, antibiotic, antipyretic, aphrodisaic etc. It has been found that <em>B. orellana</em> contains different phytochemical groups such as phenolic compounds, glycosides, tannins, steroids, alkaloids, saponins. The project work has been designed to investigate the phytochemical nature (group determination of plant constituents), analgesic and neuropharmacological activity of <em>B. orellana</em> leaves extract.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Analgesic activity of <em>B. orellana</em> was determined by acetic acid induced writhing, hot plate, tail immersion and paw tickling test/formalin induced nociceptor test. Open field, hole cross, tail suspension and light/dark box test were employed for the assessment of neuropharmacological activity of <em>B. orellana</em>. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of reducing sugar, alkaloids, glycosides, gum, terpenoids, tannins, steroids and flavonoids. In analgesic activity test, the sample showed significant analgesic activity. The dose-dependent neuropharmacological activity is shown in neuropharmacological activity test.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Our exploration suggests that <em>B. orellana</em> contains bioactive compounds and it should be studied further for isolation and purification of such novel compounds.</p>

An in vivo and in silico evaluation of the hepatoprotective potential of Gynura procumbens: A promising agent for combating hepatotoxicity

“…In the assessment of oxidative stress, administration of fluctuating doses (low, medium, and high) of G. procumbens to the disease control group was noticed to cause an effective reversal in CCl 4 -induced alterations in the levels of SOD, CAT, and MDA enzymes that evinced the dose-dependent efficacy of G. procumbens in attenuating CCl 4 -induced oxidative stress. The same type of results has been found with the following plants-Macrocybe gigantea, Polygonum cuspidatum, Marrubium vulgare, and Terminalia arjuna [3,16,17,35].…”

“…This herb is taken as a vegetable item in meals and used as a medicinal plant in these regions. The principal pharmacological activities of G. procumbens are diabetes, Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), hyperlipidemia, bacterial infection, inflammation, cancer, analgesic, kidney disease, rheumatism, and hypertension [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. In addition, different bioactive molecules such as polysaccharides, saponins, sterols, tannins, terpenoids, flavonoids, and glycosides are functional chemical components to successfully treat these sorts of diseases [37][38][39][40][41][42].…”

A review of <i>Bixa orellana</i> L. (Annatto) leaves as medicinal resource: Use in the population as complementary medicine, phytotherapeutic action and quality parameters

“…Analgesic activity was also observed for the aqueous extract (150 mg/kg), increasing the time spent on the "hot plate" and reducing the number of abdominal writhings (Betancourt et al, 2006). In turn, the nociceptive effect of the methanolic extract was described by Aktary et al (2020), so that the response time of the group treated with 200 mg/kg of the extract was 5.7 seconds (Aktary et al, 2020).…”

Phenolic Profile and Fingerprint Analysis of Akebia quinata Leaves Extract with Endothelial Protective Activity

“…Decne., known as five-leaf Akebia, is widely distributed in Korea, China, and Japan [ 7 , 8 ]. Dried A. quinata stems are traditionally used as a diuretic agent for the treatment of hypothermia and rheumatic pain, as well as a sedative, while the fruits of A. quinata are generally used as antineoplastic, antiphlogistic, and antidiuretic agents in traditional Chinese medicines [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. Currently, most of the research on A. quinata has focused on the biological and phytochemical characteristics of the stems and fruits rather than the leaves [ 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”