Assessment of an Innovative Way to Store Hydrogen in Vehicles

Abstract

The use of hydrogen as an alternative to fossil fuels for vehicle propulsion is already a reality. However, due to its physical characteristics, storage is still a challenge. There is an innovative way, presented in this study, to store hydrogen in conventional vehicles propelled by spark-ignition reciprocating engines and fuel cells, using hydrogen as fuel; the storage of hydrogen will be at high pressure within small spheres randomly packed in a tank, like the conventional tank of fuel used nowadays in current vehicles. Therefore, the main purpose of the present study is to assess the performance of this storage system and compare it to others already applied by car manufacturers in their cars. In order to evaluate the performance of this storage system, some parameters were taken into account: The energy stored by volume and stored by weight, hydrogen leakage, and compliance with current standards. This system is safer than conventional storage systems since hydrogen is stored inside small spheres containing small amounts of hydrogen. Besides, its gravimetric energy density (GED) is threefold and the volumetric energy density (VED) is about half when compared with homologous values for conventional systems, and both exceed the targets set by the U.S. Department of Energy. Regarding the leakage of hydrogen, it complies with the European Standards, provided a suitable choice of materials and dimensions is made.

Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of Filling a Hydrogen Type 3 Tank at a Constant Mass Flow Rate

“…Together with the real gas equation, an equation for the conservation of mass (3), two for momentum (4), and another for energy (5) were solved [31]. A summary of the parameters used for the solver in this work is presented in Table 4.…”

“…Energies 2024, 17, 1375 2 of 14 integrity from being affected. To ensure safety when filling a tank with hydrogen [5][6][7], it is important to know the phenomena responsible for the increase in temperature. The three most significant factors are (a) the conversion of the gas's kinetic energy into internal energy, (b) the Joule-Thomson effect, and (c) gas compression.…”

Morphological, Structural and Hydrogen Storage Properties of LaCrO3 Perovskite-Type Oxides

“…Solid hydrogen storage represents an important economic issue and is nowadays a promising technology for fuel cells vehicles since the volumetric hydrogen density of materials is usually higher than 100 Kg/m 3 . Therefore, smaller tanks can be used to store large amounts of hydrogen [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18].…”

Study of the Permeation Flowrate of an Innovative Way to Store Hydrogen in Vehicles

“…The current study is a follow-up to a previous paper [25], whose purpose was to assess a new system, proposed by Stenmark [26], to store H 2 in conventional vehicles. The investigation focused on the high-pressure H 2 storage system inside small spheres stowed randomly in a container, hereafter named the envelope tank, with dimensions similar to a conventional fuel tank used in current vehicles.…”