Assessment of Ambient Air Quality in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia

Alharbi, Badr; Pasha, Mohammad J.; Tapper, Nj; Abdulaziz, King

doi:10.12944/cwe.9.2.01

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The study has revealed that both ozone (O 3 ) and carbon monoxide (CO) have little contribution to Riyadh air pollution at 2% and 0.52%, respectively. A recent study [23] showed that PM concentration was approximately 3 times higher than the country's ambient air quality standards. In addition, this study demonstrated that summer vs. winter comparison showed that PM concentrations were approximately 84% higher in summer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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The Air Quality, Characterization of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon, Organic Carbon, and Diurnal Variation of Particulate Matter over Riyadh City

Modaihsh¹,

Mahjoub²,

Nadeem³

et al. 2016

JEP

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Concentrations of airborneparticulate matter (PM10 & PM2.5) were measured over a period extended from January 2012 to October 2013 at two sites: a suburban area, Riyadh airport (AP) and an urban area, King Fahd road district (KF) (densely trafficked site) in Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia. The quality of ambient air using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Air Quality Index (AQI) was evaluated during this period. The average AQI values exceeded 100 on 6 months out of 11 in AP district. At KF district the condition was worse, and AQI values exceeded 100 on all months. This emphasizes the fact that PM concentrations over Riyadh can be regarded as a real environmental problem that could be a severe risk to quality of life and threaten human health. A higher-volume air sampler at the two sites was used to collect particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) for chemical analysis of the PM for PAHs and total organic carbon. At KF station the mean concentrations' values of total PAHs in PM2.5 and PM10 were 4.89 ng/m 3 and 12.96 ng/m 3 respectively. At the AP station the corresponding values of total PAHs in PM2.5 and PM10 were 8.07 ng/m 3 and 11.91 ng/m 3 respectively. The PAHs did not exceed the air criteria of World Health Organization indicating the air pollution of PAHs in Riyadh District was not serious. As for the total organic carbon the results demonstrated that the concentration ranged from 0.211 to 0.506 g/kg at KF station and from 0.054 to 0.342 g/kg at AP station. On an annual basis, OC concentrations were two times higher for the city center site (KF) compared to the rural AP site. This can most likely be explained by increased emissions from higher traffic at KF site. The diurnal variability of PM was mainly associated with the severity of pollution. * Corresponding author. A. S. Modaihsh et al. 1199

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The weekdays PM concentrations were 17% more than the weekend concentrations, indicating weekday activities contributed to the concentrations. Spatial comparison at industrial and residential locations revealed about 60% increase in PM concentrations [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Air Quality, Characterization of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon, Organic Carbon, and Diurnal Variation of Particulate Matter over Riyadh City

Modaihsh¹,

Mahjoub²,

Nadeem³

et al. 2016

JEP

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“…Aerosols over the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) exhibit strong inter-annual and seasonal variability, which are mainly driven by frequent dust events, industrial emissions, mega-infrastructure, and volatile organic compounds released from ships [3]. The large increase in anthropogenic aerosols over KSA has a significant impact on the regional climate and on human health [4,5]. Detailed aerosol categorization across several Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) stations located in the Middle East and North Africa during the period 1995-2015 was investigated in [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rapid urbanization, industrialization, and heavy traffic increase anthropogenic emission over Riyadh [17]. For instance, air samples collected over Riyadh from September 2011-September 2012 [4] revealed that particulate matter (PM) concentrations were about 3 times higher than World Health Organization (WHO) air quality standards (https://www.who.int/). Moreover, the low precipitation rate during the winter season ( Figure 2) creates favorable conditions for dust emission during the spring, which, in turn, enhances the loading of coarse aerosol particles in the atmosphere [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Aerosol Trends and Variability over Central Saudi Arabia Using Optical Characteristics from Solar Village AERONET Measurements

et al. 2019

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Natural and anthropogenic aerosols over the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) play a major role in affecting the regional radiation budget. The long-term variability of these aerosols’ physical and optical parameters, including aerosol optical depth (AOD) and Ångström exponent (α), were measured at a location near central KSA using the Solar Village (SV) AERONET (Aerosol Robotic Network) station during the period December 1999–January 2013. The AERONET measurements show an overall increase in AOD on an annual basis. This upward trend is mainly attributed to a prolonged increase in the monthly/seasonal mean AOD during March–June and during August–September. In contrast, lower AOD values were observed during November–December. This can be attributed to a low frequency of dust outbreaks and higher precipitation rates. An overall, weak declining trend in α was observed, except during the summer. The spring and summer seasons experienced a pronounced increase in the number of coarse particles (~2 µm) during April 2006–January 2013 as compared to December 1999–March 2006, suggesting an increase in natural aerosol loadings. Using the HYSPLIT model, it was found that the March 2009 dust storm contributed to the mixing of long-transported dust with anthropogenic local emissions near the SV. The results suggest that extensive industrial activity contributed to the increase of anthropogenic emissions over KSA during the period April 2006–January 2013.

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“…A significant correlation between long-term exposure (years) or short term exposure (several days) to air pollutants and adverse health effects has been reported. Health effects include: respiratory, neurological, cardiovascular diseases, irritation, cancer and cardiopulmonary mortality (Awad et al, 2016, Alharbi et al, 2014, Chaurasia and Tiwari, 2016, Al-zboon, 2017. Globally, an estimated 7 million people die because of exposure to high level of indoor and ambient air pollution including particulate matter (PM 2.5 , PM 10 ) and gaseous air pollutants (O 3 , CO, NO 2 , SO 2 and H 2 S) (Jiang et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor Air Quality in Steel Making Industries

Al‐Zboon

Forton

2019

EMSD

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Steel making industry is one of the major contributors to the global environmental catastrophes including climate change, photochemical smog and depletion of the ozone layer. Emissions from steel making process result in health impacts on workers and the neighboring communities. This study aimed to investigate indoor air quality in a steel making industry in Saudi Arabia. Indicative pollutants, SO2, NOx, CO, CO2, O3, PM10 and PM2.5 were measured at eight locations across the factory. The obtained results indicated that loading, melting, slag pouring and casting stages are the major sources of indoor air pollution. In comparison with the ambient air, indoor concentrations increased up to: 13.50, 9.8, 1.29, 2.7, 15.6, times for SO2, NOx, CO2, VOCs, O3, respectively. Periodical medical check, pollution control, using of uncontaminated scrap, compliance with H&S regulations, are the key factors in reducing indoor emissions and subsequently improve occupational health.

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Assessment of Ambient Air Quality in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia

Cited by 21 publications

References 22 publications

The Air Quality, Characterization of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon, Organic Carbon, and Diurnal Variation of Particulate Matter over Riyadh City

The Air Quality, Characterization of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon, Organic Carbon, and Diurnal Variation of Particulate Matter over Riyadh City

Long-Term Aerosol Trends and Variability over Central Saudi Arabia Using Optical Characteristics from Solar Village AERONET Measurements

Indoor Air Quality in Steel Making Industries

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