Assessment of ambient air PM and PM and characterization of PM in the city of Kanpur, India

Sharma, Mukesh; Maloo, Shaily

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.04.041

Cited by 157 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…However, the atmospheric Pb concentration in Dhaka is decreasing gradually, presumably due to the ban on leaded gasoline in Bangladesh, although it is still higher than that found in European cities (NILU 2002;Manalis et al 2005) and Far East Asian sites Taiwan (133 ng m -3 by Fung and Wong 1995). However, it is lower than that reported for Southeast Asian Sites such as Karachi, Pakistan, and Delhi, Mumbai, and Kanpur, India (Smith et al 1996;Balachandran et al 2000;Kumar et al 2001;Sharma and Maloo 2005).…”

Section: Leadcontrasting

confidence: 46%

“…The concentrations of the coarse particles (PM 2.5-10 ) varied from 12.0 to 9.31 μg m -3 , and the average concentration for the coarse fraction was 9.31 μg m -3 (Table 3). However, the elevated concentrations of PM observed in Dhaka, Bangladesh are still lower than those reported for Southeast Asian sites (Smith et al 1996;Sharma and Maloo 2005).…”

Section: Trace Gasesmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…The Zn concentration at Dhaka was much lower than that at Delhi (Balachadran et al 2000) and Kanpur (Sharma and Maloo 2005), India, but much higher than that found in Norway (NILU 2002).…”

Section: Zincmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…At three sampling locations in Kanpur, the average PM 10 mass concentration was 211 μg m -3 and Samples were collected once a week at each location (each location has a total of 15 samples). Sampling time was 8 h for SO 2 , NO 2 , and O 3 , and 1 h for CO The sampling time was 8 h. Samples were collected once a week for each sampling location (each location has a total of 15 samples) ranged from 80 to 281 μg m -3 (Sharma and Maloo 2005).…”

Section: Trace Gasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics of atmospheric trace gases, particulate matter, and heavy metal pollution in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Salam

Hossain

Siddique

et al. 2008

Air Qual Atmos Health

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Aerosol particulate matter (PM 10 and PM 2.5 ) and trace gases (SO 2 , NO 2 , CO and O 3 ) were sampled at five locations in greater Dhaka, Bangladesh, between January and April 2006. Particulate matter was collected on microfiber filters with a low-volume sampler, and trace gases (SO 2 , NO 2 , and O 3 ) were collected with an impinger equipped with PM samplers. Carbon monoxide was determined using the Indicator Tube method. The total average concentrations of SO 2 , NO 2 , CO, and O 3 were 48.3, 21.0, 166.0 and 28 μg m -3 , respectively. The total average concentrations of SO 2 and NO 2 were much lower than the annual average guideline values of the World Health Organization (WHO). The total average O 3 concentration was also much lower than the daily maximum values established by WHO (average of 100 μg m -3 for an 8-h sample). The total average concentrations of five sites were 263, 75.5 and 66.2 μg m -3 for SPM, PM 10 and PM 2.5 , respectively. The mass of PM 2.5 is approximately 88% of the PM 10 mass, indicating that fossil fuel is the main source of PM in Dhaka. An atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to determine the heavy metal concentrations in the PM 2.5 size fraction. The total average concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, and Zn in PM 2.5 were 6.3, 13, 94, 433, 204, and 381 ng m -3 , respectively. The Pb concentration in Dhaka shows a decreasing tendency, presumably due to the ban on the use of leaded fuel. The overall trace metal concentrations in Dhaka are higher than those in European (e.g., Spain, Norway) and East Asian (e.g., Taiwan) locations, but lower than those measured in Southeast Asian (Kanpur, Delhi, Mumbai, India; Lahore, Pakistan) cities.

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Section: Leadcontrasting

confidence: 46%

Section: Trace Gasesmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…The Zn concentration at Dhaka was much lower than that at Delhi (Balachadran et al 2000) and Kanpur (Sharma and Maloo 2005), India, but much higher than that found in Norway (NILU 2002).…”

Section: Zincmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Trace Gasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics of atmospheric trace gases, particulate matter, and heavy metal pollution in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Salam

Hossain

Siddique

et al. 2008

Air Qual Atmos Health

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“…which are not just limited to specific urban centres or megacities, examined in earlier studies (Jain and Khare, 2008;Guttikunda et al, 2012;Sharma and Maloo, 2005).…”

Section: Present-day and Future Pm25 Concentrations At National And mentioning

confidence: 99%

Source influence on emission pathways and ambient PM<sub>2.5</sub> pollution over India (2015–2050)

Venkataraman¹,

Bräuer²,

Tibrewal³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Abstract. India currently experiences degraded air quality, with future economic development leading to challenges for air quality management. Scenarios of sectoral emissions of fine particulate matter and its precursors were developed and evaluated for 2015-2050, under specific pathways of diffusion of cleaner and more energy efficiency technologies. The impacts of individual source-sectors on PM2.5 concentrations were assessed through GEOS-Chem model simulations of spatially and temporally resolved particulate matter concentrations, followed by population-weighted aggregation to national and state 25 levels. PM2.5 pollution is a pan-India problem, with a regional character, not limited to urban areas or megacities. Under present day emissions, levels in most states exceeded the national PM2.5 standard (40 µg/m 3 ). Future evolution of emissions under current regulation or under promulgated or proposed regulation, yield deterioration in future air-quality in 2030 and 2050.Only under a scenario where more ambitious measures are introduced, promoting a total shift away from traditional biomass technologies and a very large shift (80-85%) to non-fossil electricity generation, was an overall reduction in PM2. 2 projected to increase in all future scenarios, largely from decreases in the influence of other PM2.5 sources. Overall, the findings suggest a large regional background of PM2.5 pollution (from residential biomass, agricultural residue burning and power plant and industrial coal), underlying that from local sources (transportation, brick kiln, distributed diesel) in highly polluted areas.

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Assessment of Fractionated Aerosols at a Semiarid Region over the Indo‐Gangetic Basin

Singh¹,

Gupta²,

Jangid³

et al. 2019

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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The present study examines the mass concentration of particulate matter (PM) of different sizes between January and December 2015 at Agra, a semiarid region in the Indo‐Gangetic basin. The mean mass concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 are 146.9 and 54.8 μg m−3, respectively. The observed PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations are considerably higher than standard values set by the World Health Organization, United States Environmental Protection Agency, and National Ambient Air Quality Standard (India). Higher concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 are observed in November and January, respectively. The highest and lowest concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 are measured in winter and monsoon seasons, respectively. The PM2.5/PM10 mean mass concentration ratio is 0.44, indicating the dominance of coarse particles. The daily average air quality index is 107.7 for PM2.5 and 132.8 for PM10. The exceedance factor (EF) for PM10 is >1.5, indicating a critical level of PM10, whereas the EF for PM2.5 is <1.5 indicating a high level of pollution load. The trajectory analysis showed the effect of long‐range‐transported particles on this region.

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Assessment of ambient air PM and PM and characterization of PM in the city of Kanpur, India

Cited by 157 publications

References 17 publications

Characteristics of atmospheric trace gases, particulate matter, and heavy metal pollution in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Characteristics of atmospheric trace gases, particulate matter, and heavy metal pollution in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Source influence on emission pathways and ambient PM<sub>2.5</sub> pollution over India (2015–2050)

Assessment of Fractionated Aerosols at a Semiarid Region over the Indo‐Gangetic Basin

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Assessment of ambient air PM and PM and characterization of PM in the city of Kanpur, India

Cited by 157 publications

References 17 publications

Characteristics of atmospheric trace gases, particulate matter, and heavy metal pollution in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Characteristics of atmospheric trace gases, particulate matter, and heavy metal pollution in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Source influence on emission pathways and ambient PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; pollution over India (2015–2050)

Assessment of Fractionated Aerosols at a Semiarid Region over the Indo‐Gangetic Basin

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Product

Resources

About

Source influence on emission pathways and ambient PM<sub>2.5</sub> pollution over India (2015–2050)