Assessment of Alkali–Silica Reaction Potential in Aggregates from Iran and Australia Using Thin-Section Petrography and Expansion Testing

Kazemi, Pezhman; Nikudel, Mohammad Reza; Khamehchiyan, Mashalah; Giri, Paritosh; Taheri, Shima; Clark, S. M.

doi:10.3390/ma15124289

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Kazemi et al [27] investigated ASR in concrete produced from Portland cement and different aggregates such as granite, rhyodacite, limestone, and dolomite by applying ASTM C1260 and ASTM C1293 test methods followed by optical microscope, SEM, EDX, and XRD characterization methods and found that rhyodacite specimens have higher alkali-reactivity potential than granite specimens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of ASR in Concrete Using Characterization Methods

Doğruyol

2024

Buildings

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Basaltic rocks are the main source of local crushed rock aggregate for concrete in their region. Basaltic rocks are also potential rocks for alkali–silica reaction (ASR). ASR is a complex mechanism that deteriorates concrete via creating volumetric expansion over time between the reactive silica in the aggregate and the alkali components in Portland cement. However, due to the multi-scale nature of this long-term phenomenon, understanding its mechanism in concrete structures remains difficult to assess. In this study, the morphology and analytical composition of three groups of concrete prepared with basalt aggregate, basalt aggregate with 20% fly ash substitution of cement, and limestone aggregate were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX); it was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential thermal analysis (DTA) and compared with the ASR structure. The (Na + K)/Si and Ca/Si ratios in SEM/EDX analysis and the water peaks in FT-IR and TGA analyses will help to determine the footprint of ASR.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 12. (Na + K)/Si-ratio of mortars LC; BC; BCFA; and ASR1, ASR2, ASR3[54], and ASR4 concretes[27]; •, , ♦, samples[56] as a function of their Ca/Si ratio.…”

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confidence: 99%

Determination of ASR in Concrete Using Characterization Methods

Doğruyol

2024

Buildings

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“…The ASR was examined using aggregates from different countries using petrographic analysis and expansion measurements. Kazemi et al [12] 3…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alkali–Silica Reactivity Potential of Reactive and Non-Reactive Aggregates under Various Exposure Conditions for Sustainable Construction

et al. 2023

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The alkali–silica reaction (ASR) is a primary cause for premature concrete degradation. An accelerated mortar bar test is often used to access the detrimental phenomena in concrete caused by the ASR of aggregates. However, this test requires a certain environmental conditioning as per ASTM C1260. The objective of this study is to explore the effects of the cement alkali content, exposure solution concentration, temperature, and test duration on mortar bar expansion. Factorial experimental design and analysis was conducted to delineate the effects of the individual factors as well as their interaction. Five different aggregates with various mineralogical properties were used, representing reactive and non-reactive aggregates. Various dosages of cement alkalis (0.40, 0.80, and 1.20 Na2Oe), sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution concentrations (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 N), and temperature (40 °C, 80 °C, and 100 °C) were the studied variables. Mortar bar expansion was measured at 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 56, and 90 days. Mortar bars incorporating Jhelum aggregates incurred expansion of 0.32% at 28 days, proving to be reactive aggregates as per ASTM C1260. Similarly, specimens incorporating Taxila aggregates showed expansion of 0.10% at 28 days, indicating non-reactive nature. It was observed that specimens with Sargodha aggregates showed expansion of 0.27% at 28 days for 0.50 N NaOH solution concentration compared to 0.31% expansion for identical specimens exposed to 1.5 N solution. Moreover, expansion increased with exposure duration for all the tested specimens. Experimental results showed that the cement alkali contents had relatively lesser effect on expansion for 1.0 N NaOH; while, in the case of 0.5 N and 1.5 N NaOH, the cement alkali had a significant effect. It was noted that expansion increased with an increase in the temperature. Jhelum aggregates showed 28-day expansion of 0.290% when exposed to 40 °C, but at a temperature of 100 °C, expansion increased to 0.339%. Factorial analysis revealed that the exposure solution had a major contribution towards the expansion of mortar bar specimens. This study highlights the contribution of various exposure conditions on the ASR expansion, which leads to a decisive role in selecting the aggregate sources for various applications and exposure conditions leading to sustainable construction.

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“…They interact with the silanol groups present in the silicate phases of the aggregates [1,2]. At the end of this reaction, an alkali-silica gel product is obtained, which transforms from crypto-crystalline to amorphous structure [3]. When the alkali-silica gel absorbs water, the volume of this gel increases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conditions for the Formation of Alkali-Silica Reaction in Hot Mix Asphalt

Demirtürk

2023

Materials Engineering Research

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Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR) is the well-known durability problem of concrete during its service life. There are many studies on the formation, significance, diagnosis, and prevention of ASR in concrete. Although ASR in concrete is the subject of many studies, there are very few studies on ASR formation in Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA). This is because the high alkali content in the pore solution of concrete, which is one of the main components of ASR, cannot exist in HMA. The conditions required for ASR formation in HMA are also unknown. Recently, a limited number of studies have focused on the use of de-icers and recycled concrete aggregates to investigate the formation of ASR in HMA. The formation of ASR in HMA should be considered as an attractive research topic and raise the question of which conditions lead or will lead to the formation of ASR. Indeed, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the conditions that may cause ASR in HMA, as opposed to the assumption that ASR in HMA cannot be fully observed. The study favours the method of reviewing existing studies and creating a combination of possible conditions for the formation of ASR in HMA.

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Assessment of Alkali–Silica Reaction Potential in Aggregates from Iran and Australia Using Thin-Section Petrography and Expansion Testing

Cited by 5 publications

References 77 publications

Determination of ASR in Concrete Using Characterization Methods

Determination of ASR in Concrete Using Characterization Methods

Alkali–Silica Reactivity Potential of Reactive and Non-Reactive Aggregates under Various Exposure Conditions for Sustainable Construction

Conditions for the Formation of Alkali-Silica Reaction in Hot Mix Asphalt

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