Assessment of Alcohol-Based Hand Sanitizers for Long-Term Use, Formulated with Addition of Natural Ingredients in Comparison to WHO Formulation 1

Abstract

During the spread of COVID-19, many laboratories used the “Formulation 1” proposed by the World Health Organization to prepare hand sanitizers. Taking into consideration its ingredients and the prolonged use of hand sanitizers, “Formulation 1” (P1) was compared with two gel formulations (P2 and P3) prepared with the addition of natural emollients and two different viscosity enhancers to define their chemical–physical stability, biocidal efficacy, and in vivo acceptability and tolerability. P1 resulted in the most efficient biocide but was poorly tolerated by the skin and not acceptable in volunteer hedonic evaluation, especially in terms of irritation and drying effect, with an expectable reduction in the compliance. Moreover, its liquid formulation is unpractical and can cause ethanol evaporation. P2 and P3 proved to be both good products regarding pH and alcohol strength values. However, in terms of viscosity, texture, ease of use, and application, P3 seemed to be a better gel product than P2. Moreover, they were well tolerated by the skin, increasing the hydration of the stratum corneum, due to the addition of Calendula officinalis and Aloe vera. Despite a lower ethanol concentration than P1, P2 and P3 also showed a good biocide efficiency, with better results in P2. In conclusion, these gel formulations proved to be more convenient for long-term use with a good balance between efficacy, safety, and compatibility with the skin.

The Influence of Viscosity on the Antimicrobial Activity of Simple Alcoholic-Based Hand Sanitizer for Infection of Covid-19 in Nigeria

“…For the in-vitro biocide efficiency using the time kill assay procedure to check for the reduction of viable cells of the bacterial strains and fungi strains. Previous studies [29] have reported that a substance is considered biocide when there is a reduction in the viable cells of at least 10 5 after a maximum of 5 min for a bacterial strain and 15 min for a fungi strain. However, in this study, it was observed that the highest microbial death for Salmonella typhi, was 88% using F2, which occurred at 75secs, and 70.3% at time 75secs.…”

Development of the Moisturizing Cleansing Pad Having Sterilizing and Anti-bacterial Effect against Covid-19

“…MimicLipid MSM-1000 is botanical surfactant that forms hydrogen bonding with the chlorine dioxide to make the stable multi-lamellar and micelles [12]. Solubil EWG-1100 (2) Bio-PhyroPGI-250 (3) Dipropylene Glycol Water Chlorine dioxide 100ppm solution Chlorhexidine digluconate 20% soln. - (3) Bio-PhyroPGI-250: Glycereth-25 PCA Isostearate.…”

“…Solubil EWG-1100 (2) Bio-PhyroPGI-250 (3) Dipropylene Glycol Water Chlorine dioxide 100ppm solution Chlorhexidine digluconate 20% soln. - (3) Bio-PhyroPGI-250: Glycereth-25 PCA Isostearate.…”

“…These products are classified into liquid spray-types and transparent gel types for sanitizing microorganisms including bacteria and virus. Specifically, application of products containing high concentration of ethanol have been main cause of severe stinging, erythema, dry skin, allergies, and accelerated aging [3]- [5]. As the skin of children and infants is sensitive and fragile, there have been occurred the lots of side effects compared to adults.…”

Alcohol-Based Hand Sanitizers: Does Gelling Agent Really Matter?

“…Gels are obtained by incorporating a viscosity enhancer into the diluted alcohol. A wide variety of gelling agents approved for pharmaceutical and cosmetic products can be used for that purpose, but the most employed in ABHS formulations are cellulose derivates, such as Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) (e.g., Nutragel, NutraBe) and Hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) (e.g., Hygienizing gel, Kaleido Studio), and carbopol (e.g., DermoGel, Glenova cosmetics) [ 16 , 21 , 22 , 23 ].…”