Assessment of Air Pollutant Concentrations Near Major Roads in Residential, Commercial and Industrial Areas in Ibadan City, Nigeria

Abstract

Background.Urbanization, energy consumption, intensification of road traffic and rapid population growth pose significant challenges to ambient air quality. Therefore, regular monitoring of current air quality is essential.Objectives.The study investigated the concentration of sulfur dioxide (SO2), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), ozone (O3), ammonia (NH3) and carbon monoxide (CO) in ten different sites to investigate possible anthropogenic sources within Ibadan, Nigeria.Methods. Air samples were collected into specific absorbing solutions twice daily in the morning and afternoon for four weeks. The resulting solutions were analyzed following specific colorimetric techniques according to standard methods of analysis.Results.Average concentrations varied among the sampling areas. All were above background levels obtained at the control site. Overall concentrations were found to be 30±19 μg/m3 (SO2), 63±16 μg/m3 (NOx), 31±18 μg/m3 (O3), 463±180 μg/m3 (NH3) and 0.59±0.21 ppm (CO). These concentrations were present at the study areas at 15, 31, 17, 5 and 3 times the background concentrations for SO2, NOx, O3, NH3 and CO, respectively.Conclusions.In spite of the short duration of sampling, the data can guide future long term monitoring of air quality in Nigeria. The level of SO2 exceeded World Health Organization limits within this short duration. This is an indication of the need for long term air quality monitoring with a sustainable plan for air pollution management.

Heat Waves Research and Impacts on Human Health: The Need for Studies in Nigeria: A Review

“…This approach involves mapping the geographical distribution of the disease against the distribution of climate variables, and carrying out a regression analysis to characterize the climatic conditions that are associated with presence vs. absence of disease, or with different levels of disease transmission [15]. The main advantage of this approach is that it is entirely driven by a transparent statistical relationship between climate and disease distributions.…”

“…It is also theoretically possible to include other, non-climatic, explanatory variables or confounders in the model, e.g. Ipeaiyeda et al [15] assessed and investigated the spatiotemporal relationship between dengue fever cases and climatic conditions of temperature and precipitation using Negative binomial regression a subset of bivariate analysis to discover that high temperature and low precipitation were the favourable condition for the spread of dengue virus in South East Florida over a period of 34 years. Lugo [16] examined the long-term trend of extreme temperatures, heat waves and cold spells in terms of frequency, intensity and duration over 1951-2015 and their potential association with El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events using Linear regression models.…”

Impacts of Anthropogenic Factors on Urban Air Quality in Lagos Metropolis

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“…These marked variation in sulpur(iv)oxide, nitrogen(iv)oxide and fine particulate matter over residential, commercial and industrial land uses is consistent with the findings of Superczynski and Sundar (2011) who investigated the impacts of land use land-cover changes on air quality in Alabama USA and discovered higher levels of pollutants over commercial and industrial areas than residential areas, Offor, et al (2016) who reviewed the concentration levels of particulate matter in Nigerian cities revealed high levels of pollutants in commercial than residential areas, Jenq-Hwan, et al (2017) who examine the impacts of particulate matter on tuberculosis cases in Taipei city Taiwan, noted that higher levels of particulate matter was responsible for the intensity of tuberculosis cases, who investigated the impacts of land use on air quality in Wuhan, China stated that land use is the precursor for elevated levels of pollutants and Ipeaiyeda, and Adegboyega (2017) investigation of the concentration levels of air pollutants along traffic corridors of Ibadan city discovered consistent elevated levels of pollutants across commercial areas than industrial and residential areas in Ibadan city.…”

Out-Door Air Pollution Levels in Vehicular-Traffic Junctions in Nsukka Metropolis, Enugu Metropolis and Awgu Semi-Urban Area in Enugu State, Nigeria

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