Assessment of age‐related maculopathy using subjective vision tests

Lovie‐Kitchin, Jan E.; Feigl, Beatrix

doi:10.1111/j.1444-0938.2005.tb06713.x

Cited by 38 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 137 publications

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“…Além disso, habilidade de leitura tem sido incluída como padrão de medida da visão, e tem se mostrado mais sensível do que a medida da acuidade visual na detecção desses problemas (10)(11)(12) .…”

Section: Resumo Introduçãounclassified

Textos padronizados em português (BR) para medida da velocidade de leitura: comparação com quatro idiomas europeus

Messias¹,

Cruz²,

Schallenmüller³

et al. 2008

Arq. Bras. Oftalmol.

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Section: Resumo Introduçãounclassified

Textos padronizados em português (BR) para medida da velocidade de leitura: comparação com quatro idiomas europeus

Messias¹,

Cruz²,

Schallenmüller³

et al. 2008

Arq. Bras. Oftalmol.

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“…32,33 The functional results of these tests cannot be given in detail but all show an impairment of cone-or rod-mediated function (or both) in early ARM. In addition, there is preferential vulnerability of the S-cone 34,35 and rod pathway [36][37][38][39][40][41][42] in early ARM over the L-and M-cone pathway.…”

Section: Psychophysical and Electrophysiological Function Tests In Armmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional loss in early age-related maculopathy: the ischaemia postreceptoral hypothesis

Feigl

Brown

Lovie‐Kitchin

et al. 2006

Eye

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We review proposed models and psychophysical and electrophysiological tests performed in many studies for early agerelated maculopathy (ARM). We suggest that ischaemia is the trigger for impaired retinal pigment epithelium function causing imbalance of secretion of vascular growth factors, reduced disc degradation capability and reduced metabolic activity and possible inflammatory response. This results in increased deposition of cell debris, such as drusen and thickens Bruch's membrane causing even more ischaemia of the overlying neurosensory retina. The photoreceptors are more resistant to ischaemia given their proximity to the choroid. Furthermore, being 'upstream' from the inner retinal layers, they act as an oxygen sink depriving retinal layers further from the choroid. Postreceptoral cell layers and especially parts of the inner nuclear layer that are located in the watershed zone between two sources of blood supply are preferentially vulnerable to ischaemia. Based on psychophysical and electrophysiological findings we propose that most of the function impairment in early ARM starts postreceptorally.

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“…Compared with age-matched normal controls, early AMD patients have poorer low-luminance/low-contrast visual acuity, slowed word-reading rate, loss of contrast sensitivity in the mid-to high spatial frequency range, tritan color vision defects, slowed dark adaptation, slowed recovery after exposure to a glare source, and loss of sensitivity to light flicker. 54,55 More recently, Dimitrov and colleagues showed that while rod dark-adaptation rate had a better sensitivity (87%), a more clinically deployable combination of 14 Hz flicker threshold and photo-stress dynamic could detect 71% of early AMD cases and took 10-28 minutes. 56 De Kinkelder and colleagues found that early AMD subjects had a significantly lower hit rate than healthy controls in a rarebit test (detecting one or two very small light spots).…”

Section: Visual Function Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…35 One challenge in primary care AMD detection is to develop "non-standard, yet clinically-practical" vision tests. 55 Some of the tests mentioned require dedicated equipment or are long and arduous, thus may not fit in a busy office schedule. Another concern is test specificity.…”

Section: Visual Function Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving patient outcomes: role of the primary care optometrist in the early diagnosis and management of age-related macular degeneration

Лю¹,

Swanson²

2013

OPTO

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Not long ago, the management of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) was confined to rehabilitating whatever vision had not been damaged by the disease. The recent successes of the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents and the antioxidant clinical trials have revolutionized AMD treatment. For the first time, there is realistic hope that the progression of AMD can be slowed down or stopped and near normal vision can be preserved. Developments in new vision tests, imaging modalities, and genetic testing have greatly improved the chance of detecting the onset of AMD and choroidal neovascularization. However, because the current treatments still cannot revive degenerated retinal cells, the best patient outcome that can be achieved is early detection of the disease and application of the appropriate treatment before too much retinal damage has occurred. The opportunities and challenges offered by the new treatment options and disease detection methods have redefined the role of primary care optometrists in AMD management. This review of literature and practice guidelines demonstrates that, in addition to the traditional roles of refraction and visual rehabilitation, the unique position of optometrists as the first-line eye-care providers has allowed them to play an important role in the early detection of AMD, patient education, lifestyle-change counseling, disease monitoring and referral, and nutrition supplement counseling. The active participation of primary care optometrists in the shared care of AMD management is likely to result in great improvement in patient outcomes. Optometrists also need to improve their competence in these areas to meet the new challenges. Although primary care optometrists have always managed patients with AMD, their role in managing this sight-threatening disease has not been adequately documented. In light of the recent game-changing developments in AMD treatment, it is important to review what primary care optometrists are doing, what they can do, and what they should do to improve patient outcomes in the new era of AMD management. Keywords: detection, patient education, lifestyle-change counseling, disease monitoring, disease referral, nutrition supplement counseling Age-related macular degenerationAge-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an acquired degenerative disease of the macular area of the retina that, in its final stage, can cause severe visual impairment. AMD affects mainly older people and its prevalence increases with age. The prevalence of any AMD and late AMD (geographic atrophy [GA] or choroidal neovascularization [CNV]) in persons aged 40 years and older is between 5.2% and 14.3%, and between 0.3% and 2.6%, respectively, depending on race and ethnicity.1 AMD results in centrally located scotomas; reduced visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, color vision, and depth perception; and poor control of eye movements. AMD is one of the leading causes of severe visual impairment in Dovepress submit your manuscript | www.dovepress.com

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Assessment of age‐related maculopathy using subjective vision tests

Cited by 38 publications

References 137 publications

Textos padronizados em português (BR) para medida da velocidade de leitura: comparação com quatro idiomas europeus

Textos padronizados em português (BR) para medida da velocidade de leitura: comparação com quatro idiomas europeus

Functional loss in early age-related maculopathy: the ischaemia postreceptoral hypothesis

Improving patient outcomes: role of the primary care optometrist in the early diagnosis and management of age-related macular degeneration

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