Assessment of age, origin, and sustainability of fossil aquifers: A geochemical and remote sensing-based approach

Sultan, M.; Sturchio, Neil C.; Alsefry, Saleh; Emil, M. K.; Ahmed, Mohamed; AbuAbdullah, Mazen M.; Yan, Eugene; Save, Himanshu; Alharbi, Talal; Othman, Abdullah; Chouinard, K.

doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.06.017

Cited by 57 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…The alluvial aquifer is the primary source of groundwater in the coastal plain where the watersheds draining the Red Sea Hills collect precipitation and channel the accumulated runoff toward the Red Sea coastal plain aquifers as surface runoff and/or groundwater flow. The precipitation over the coastal plain and the surface runoff infiltrate and recharge the shallow alluvial aquifer, as does the groundwater flow from the fractured basement aquifer (Sultan et al 2019;Alshehri et al 2020).…”

Section: Geologic Hydrologic and Climatic Settingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Geophysical and Radar Interferometric Techniques to Monitor Land Deformation Associated with the Jazan Salt Diapir, Jazan city, Saudi Arabia

et al. 2021

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Using integrated Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) datasets (Envisat: 2003–2009; Sentinel-1: 2014–2018), local gravity surveys, and passive seismic data, we investigated the environmental hazards associated with the rise of the Miocene Jazan salt diapir (JZD; ~ 2 km2) within Jazan city, Saudi Arabia, and identified areas at risk in its immediate surroundings. Our findings include (1) the JZD outcrop and its northern, southern and western bordering areas have been undergoing substantial uplift (up to 4.7 mm/yr), whereas the sabkhas to the east are witnessing subsidence (up to − 7.5 mm/yr); (2) a low Bouguer anomaly (7.5 mGal) was observed over the JZD relative to its surroundings (8.5–12 mGal) with the steepest gradient along its eastern side; (3) strong and clear horizontal/vertical (H/V) spectral ratio peak and high frequency (5–10 Hz) over the JZD outcrop and areas proximal to its western margin, but areas to the east have a weak H/V peak and low frequency (1.5-3 Hz); (4) drilling confirmed presence of a shallow (4 m) salt bedrock layer west of the JZD and the absence of this layer to its east (up to depths of 60 m); (5) uplift patterns along the diapir margins are indicative of near-vertical contact along the JZD eastern margin and less steep contacts along the remaining margins; and (6) additional near-surface diapirs could potentially be identified in the vicinity of the JZD using our integrated approach.

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Section: Geologic Hydrologic and Climatic Settingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Geophysical and Radar Interferometric Techniques to Monitor Land Deformation Associated with the Jazan Salt Diapir, Jazan city, Saudi Arabia

et al. 2021

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“…Then, the interannual signals were removed from (R1) by fitting a 13-month moving average; a linear regression approach was applied to remove any further trend signals, then a second residual series, (R2), was calculated. The standard deviation of the residual (R2) was interpreted as maximum uncertainty or measurement error (the amplitude of the measurement error) 39,56,74,75 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

+50 Years of Terrestrial Hydroclimatic Variability in Africa’s Transboundary Waters

Hasan¹,

Tarhule²,

Zume³

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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GRACE Terrestrial Water Storage (TWS) provides unique and unprecedented perspectives about freshwater availability and change globally. However, GRACE-TWS records are relatively short for long-term hydroclimatic variability studies, dating back to April 2002. In this paper, we made use of Noah Land Surface Model (LSM), and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) data in an autoregressive model with exogenous variables (ARX) to reconstruct a 66-year record of TWS for nine major transboundary river basins (TRBs) in Africa. Model performance was evaluated using standard indicators, including the Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency criteria, cumulative density frequency, standardized residuals plots, and model uncertainty bounds. Temporally, the reconstruction results were evaluated for trend, cycles, and mode of variability against ancillary data from the WaterGAP Model (WGHM-TWS) and GPCC-based precipitation anomalies. The temporal pattern reveals good agreement between the reconstructed TWS, WGHM-TWS, and GPCC, (p-value < 0.0001). The reconstructed TWS suggests a significant declining trend across the northern and central TRBs since 1951, while the southern basins show an insignificant trend. The mode of variability analysis indicates short storage periodicity of four to sixteen-month in the northern basins, while strong intra-annual variability in the central and southern basins. The long-term TWS records provide additional support to Africa’s water resources research on hydroclimatic variability and change in shared transboundary water basins.

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“…Then a fixed sample grid to GRACE CSR-M product was used to sample the corresponding trend value at a fixed spatial resolution of 1.0-degree grid. The associated uncertainty in each variable was expressed using standard deviations of the residual component following standardized approaches [7,39,69,79,80]. Table 1.…”

Section: Nile River Basinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trend Dynamics of GRACE Terrestrial Water Storage in the Nile River Basin

Hasan¹,

Tarhule²

2019

Preprint

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GRACE-derived Terrestrial Water Storage Anomalies (TWSA) continue to be used in an expanding array of studies to analyze numerous processes and phenomena related to terrestrial water storage dynamics, including groundwater depletions, lake storage variations, snow, and glacial mass changes, as well as floods, droughts, among others. So far, however, few studies have investigated how the factors that affect total water storage (e.g., precipitation, runoff, soil moisture, evapotranspiration) interact and combine over space and time to produce the mass variations that GRACE detects. This paper is an attempt to fill that gap and stimulate needed research in this area. Using the Nile River Basin as case study, it explicitly analyzes nine hydroclimatic and anthropogenic processes, as well as their relationship to TWS in different climatic zones in the Nile River Basin. The analytic method employed the trends in both the dependent and independent variables applying two geographically multiple regression (GMR) approaches: (i) an unweighted or ordinary least square regression (OLS) model in which the contributions of all variables to TWS variability are deemed equal at all locations; and (ii) a geographically weighted regression (GWR) which assigns a weight to each variable at different locations based on the occurrence of trend clusters, determined by Moran’s cluster index. In both cases, model efficacy was investigated using standard goodness of fit diagnostics. The OLS showed that trends in five variables (i.e., precipitation, runoff, surface water soil moisture, and population density) significantly (p<0.0001) explain the trends in TWSA for the basin at large. However, the models R2 value is only 0.14. In contrast, the GWR produced R2 values ranging between 0.40 and 0.89, with an average of 0.86 and normally distributed standard residuals. The models retained in the GWR differ by climatic zone. The results showed that all nine variables contribute significantly to the trend in TWS in the Tropical region; population density is an important contributor to TWSA variability in all zones; ET and Population density are the only significant variables in the semiarid zone. This type of information is critical for developing robust statistical models for reconstructing time series of proxy GRACE anomalies that predate the launch of the GRACE mission and for gap-filling between GRACE and GRACE-FO.

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Assessment of age, origin, and sustainability of fossil aquifers: A geochemical and remote sensing-based approach

Cited by 57 publications

References 69 publications

Use of Geophysical and Radar Interferometric Techniques to Monitor Land Deformation Associated with the Jazan Salt Diapir, Jazan city, Saudi Arabia

Use of Geophysical and Radar Interferometric Techniques to Monitor Land Deformation Associated with the Jazan Salt Diapir, Jazan city, Saudi Arabia

+50 Years of Terrestrial Hydroclimatic Variability in Africa’s Transboundary Waters

Trend Dynamics of GRACE Terrestrial Water Storage in the Nile River Basin

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