Assessment of aflatoxin M1 in milk and milk products from Punjab, Pakistan

Iqbal, Shahzad Zafar; Asi, Muhammad Rafique

doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.06.026

Cited by 100 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The upper thin fat layer of the milk samples centrifuged at 2000 rpm for 10 min was, then, discarded. Whatman No.4 paper (Brendford, UK) was used to filter the bottom skimmed milk layer and analyses were conducted on a 50-mL filtrate (Oqbal & Asi, 2013).…”

Section: Aflatoxin M1 Analysis In Samples By Hplcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of aflatoxin M1 contamination in milk, white cheese, kashar and butter from Sakarya, Turkey

Yılmaz

Altinci

2019

Food Sci. Technol

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The purpose of this research is to determine the incidence and occurrence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in 104 samples of milk, white cheese, kashar and butter in Sakarya, Turkey. Followed by immunoaffinity column (OAC) purification, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-fluorescence detection method was implemented to analyze the samples. Results show that 61.5% of milk, 40% of white cheese, 65.4% of kashar and 29.6% of butter contains AFM1. On 53 of samples (50.96%) are not determined AFM1. The amount of AFM1 in 51 samples (49.04%) ranges from 2.4 to 47.8 ng/L/kg. AFM1 levels do not exceed the limit set by Turkish regulations (50 ng/L/kg). However, the incidence of AFM1 contamination is a potential health risk for customers, particularly for children and infants. These results emphasize the significance of constant monitoring of AFM1 levels in milk and dairy products (MDPs) in Sakarya, Turkey.Keywords: aflatoxin M1, milk, white cheese, kashar, HPLC, fluorescence detection.Practical Application: Monitoring of aflatoxin M1 levels in milk and dairy products.

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Section: Aflatoxin M1 Analysis In Samples By Hplcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of aflatoxin M1 contamination in milk, white cheese, kashar and butter from Sakarya, Turkey

Yılmaz

Altinci

2019

Food Sci. Technol

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“…The presence of AFM1 in milk and milk products in Pakistan [14,15,17] clearly shows that immediate measurements need to be implemented to reduce the level of exposure of the milk-consuming population to AFs. According to Ashiq [58], the maximum limit for milk AFs has recently been set as 10 ppb in Pakistan, a limit much higher than the maximum permissible levels allowed in most countries.…”

Section: Legislation/policies In Pakistan Relative To the Rest Of Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Aflatoxin Contamination of the Milk Supply: A Pakistan Perspective

Aslam

Wynn

2015

Agriculture

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Improving both quality and quantity of food available is a pressing need especially when one eighth of the world's population consumes less energy than is required for maintenance and is exposed to contaminated food, both of which lead to greater susceptibility to diseases. The Pakistani population depends heavily on milk for nutritional needs and 10% of household income is spent on milk. This commodity requires continuous monitoring and care from its site of production by smallholder dairy producers through to urban consumers along tradition milk marketing chains. Feed ingredients used as concentrate feed to enhance milk production are often contaminated with mycotoxins, which, after ingestion, are transferred into milk. Aflatoxins can contribute to the causation of liver cancers, immune system disorders, and growth-related issues in children. Moreover, deaths in both humans and animals have also been reported after ingestion of aflatoxin-contaminated food. Studies have shown contamination of food and feed ingredients with mycotoxins, especially aflatoxins. This review places the dairy industry into context, summarizes how milk and milk products are contaminated with aflatoxins, and discusses the present legislative regulation of milk quality implemented in Pakistan. There is a need to eliminate fungus-susceptible animal feed ingredients, which are the source of mycotoxins so prevalent in the milk marketed to the consumer in Pakistan. OPEN ACCESSAgriculture 2015, 5 1173

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“…Furthermore, stringent regulations governing the aflatoxin content in milk products imposed on milk producers led to the stoppage of milk and milk products export from the most of developing countries to other nations (Kaleibar and Helan, 2013;Chohan et al, 2016). Although the Pakistan dairy industry endures huge losses due to aflatoxin contaminated feed (Iqbal and Asi, 2013), it is still among leading producers of milk with ~38 million tonnes produced in the year 2012 (FAO, 2015). Environmental conditions, feed processing techniques, lack in awareness and ineffective monitoring agencies are the most probable reasons of high aflatoxin levels in animal feed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%