Assessment of aflatoxin B1 in livestock feed and feed ingredients by high-performance thin layer chromatography

Korrapati, Kotinagu; Mohanamba, T.; Kumari, L. Rathna

doi:10.14202/vetworld.2015.1396-1399

Cited by 36 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Most of the small-scale processors have semi-permanent buildings that are porous, hence there is no effective management of humidity levels and entry of vermin, which predispose to contamination. The high humidity levels in the study area in Uganda, postharvesting challenges as well as the feed and feed ingredient handling practices by both the processors and farmers could explain the high occurrence of aflatoxins contamination of the samples analyzed as earlier reported by previous researchers (Kaaya and Warren 2005;Kotinagu et al 2015). The bulk of poultry feeds in Uganda is majorly composed of silver fish, maize bran, soybean, cotton seed and sunflower seed cake.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Awareness of mycotoxins and occurrence of aflatoxins in poultry feeds and feed ingredients in selected regions of Uganda

et al. 2020

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Background: Aflatoxins are a category of mycotoxins produced by certain molds naturally occurring as food and feed contaminants with toxic effects to both animals and humans. In Uganda, previous studies on aflatoxins mainly considered human foods, but scarce information exists for animal feeds. The study aimed at establishing the current status of aflatoxins contamination of poultry feeds, level of awareness and the existing technological challenges and innovations to mycotoxin control in Uganda. Method: Mycotoxin awareness, predisposing factors and existing strategies for managing mycotoxin contamination were investigated through focus group discussions and questionnaires with selected processors and farmers. Poultry feed and feed ingredient samples were collected and analyzed for total aflatoxins using VICAM Fluorimeter procedure for foods and animal feeds. Results: Majority of the farmers and processors (> 50%) had limited knowledge about aflatoxins; contamination predisposing factors; dangers to animals and humans; and mitigation strategies. The study further revealed poor feed and feed ingredients handling and storage practices that predispose to mold/aflatoxin contamination. Forty feed samples from feed processing plants had aflatoxins in the range 7.5 ± 0.71 to 393.5 ± 19.09 parts per billion (ppb) with only twelve samples being within the generally acceptable limits of 20 ppb as recommended by the Food and Agricultural Organisation and the United States Federal Department of Agriculture. Additionally, all 27 feed samples obtained from the farmers had aflatoxins in the range of 19.0 ± 1.41 to 188.5 ± 2.12 ppb and were above the acceptable limit. Generally, broiler feeds were the most contaminated with aflatoxins. Of the feed ingredients tested, silver fish (Rastrineobola argentea, locally known as "mukene") had the least concentration (8.7 ± 3.18 ppb) of aflatoxins while maize bran had the highest level of contamination, 103.3 ± 22.98 ppb.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Awareness of mycotoxins and occurrence of aflatoxins in poultry feeds and feed ingredients in selected regions of Uganda

et al. 2020

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“…Other aflatoxin types, B 2 , G 1 , G 2 , and M 1 , were also found in the feed and ingredient samples albeit at lower incidences (and levels). The vast contamination of the feed and feed ingredients with AFs agrees with several previous reports of high aflatoxin contamination of cereals, nuts, legumes, oilseeds, and their products in Nigeria (Ezekiel et al 2012b , 2013 ; Adetunji et al 2014 ; Egbontan et al 2017 ; Oyedele et al 2017 ) as well as with the aflatoxin contamination of feed samples from different countries (Cameroon, India, Nigeria, and South Africa), albeit at a relatively higher contamination level than samples from these previous studies (Oluwafemi et al 2009 ; Njobeh et al 2012 ; Abia et al 2013a ; Kehinde et al 2014 ; Kotinagu et al 2015 ). However, our previous paper on commercial poultry feed in Nigeria reported higher concentrations (max, 1067 μg kg −1 ; mean, 198 μg kg −1 ) (Ezekiel et al 2012a ) than the present study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Mycotoxins in poultry feed and feed ingredients in Nigeria

et al. 2018

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Mycotoxins are toxic secondary fungal metabolites that can negatively affect animal productivity when ingested through feed. In order to assess mycotoxin contamination of poultry feed and feed ingredients vis-a-vis source tracking of feed contamination in Nigeria, 102 samples of feed ( n = 30) and feed ingredients ( n = 72) were collected from in-house mills of poultry farms across 12 states of Nigeria and analyzed for multiple mycotoxins using LC/MS-MS. One hundred and forty microbial metabolites were detected in the feed and feed ingredients. The most frequent mycotoxin in the feed was fumonisin B 1 , occurring in 97% of the samples at mean concentration of 1014 μg kg −1 . AFB 1 occurred in 83% of the feed samples at mean concentration of 74 μg kg −1 and in all feed ingredients except fish meal and other cereals (millet and rice). Feed samples analyzed in this study were contaminated with at least four mycotoxins: aflatoxins and fumonisin co-occurring in 80% of the samples. Peanut cake and maize contributed the most to the levels of aflatoxin and fumonisin, respectively, in the feed. Consequently, there is a need to explore other cereal- and protein-based ingredients for compounding feeds in order to reduce the risk associated with high mycotoxin (e.g. aflatoxin) intake in poultry. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s12550-018-0337-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Akinmusire et al ( 2019 ) detected AFB1 with 83% incidence in feed samples ranging from 0.5–760 µg/kg compared to aflatoxin B2, aflatoxin G1, aflatoxin G2 and aflatoxin M1 found at a lower concentration in food and feed ingredient tested. High rate of fungal-producing aflatoxins in feed samples has been reported across different countries such as Cameroon (Njobeh et al 2012 ), India, Nigeria (Kehinde et al 2014 ), and South Africa (Kotinagu et al 2015 ).…”

Section: Mycotoxins Contamination Of Food and Feeds In Nigeriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Updates on food and feed mycotoxin contamination and safety in Africa with special reference to Nigeria

et al. 2021

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Mycotoxin contamination of food and feed is a major concern in sub-Sahara African countries, particularly Nigeria. It represents a significant limit to health of human, livestock as well as the international trade. Aflatoxins, fumonisins, ochratoxin, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol and beauvericin are the major mycotoxins recognised in the aetiology of food safety challenges that precipitated countless number of diseases. In Nigeria, aflatoxins and fumonisin found in nearly all crops are the most common mycotoxins of economic and health importance such as sorghum, maize and groundnuts. Thus, consumption of food contaminated with mycotoxins are inevitable, hence the need for adequate regulation is necessary in these frontier economies as done in many developed economies to ensure food safety for human and animals. In low and middle-income countries, especially Nigeria, there is lack of awareness and sufficient information on the risk associated with consequent of mycotoxin contamination on wellbeing of human, animals health and the economy. It is based on the foregoing that this paper summarized the status of mycotoxin present in Nigerian food and feeds relative to the global regulatory standards. This aimed at preventing consuming mycotoxin contaminated food stuff while confronting its associated challenges. Suggestions on some possible control strategies to mitigate vending mycotoxin food and feeds were made.

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Assessment of aflatoxin B1 in livestock feed and feed ingredients by high-performance thin layer chromatography

Cited by 36 publications

References 12 publications

Awareness of mycotoxins and occurrence of aflatoxins in poultry feeds and feed ingredients in selected regions of Uganda

Awareness of mycotoxins and occurrence of aflatoxins in poultry feeds and feed ingredients in selected regions of Uganda

Mycotoxins in poultry feed and feed ingredients in Nigeria

Updates on food and feed mycotoxin contamination and safety in Africa with special reference to Nigeria

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