Assessment of acute toxicity of carbofuran in Macrobrachium olfersii (Wiegmann, 1836) at different temperature levels

Abstract

Carbofuran (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl methylcarbamate; C12H15NO3) is one of the most toxic carbamate pesticides. For acute toxicity of carbofuran, juveniles of Macrobrachium olfersii were exposed to different concentrations of carbofuran using the static renewal method at different temperature levels (15, 20 and 25°C) at pH 7.0. The main purpose of the present study was to detect the acute toxicity of carbofuran to M. olfersii and investigate its effects on oxygen consumption and ammonium excretion; these tests have not been carried out in this species before. First, the acute toxicity - median lethal concentration - of carbofuran to M. olfersii for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h was examined, which resulted in the following values: 1.64, 1.22, 0.86 and 0.42 mg L(-1), respectively. Furthermore, we also found that carbofuran caused an inhibition in oxygen consumption of 60.6, 65.3 and 66.2% with respect to the control. In addition, after separate exposures to carbofuran, elevations in ammonium excretion were more than 500% with respect to the control.

Nitrite toxicity toLitopenaeus schmitti(Burkenroad, 1936, Crustacea) at different salinity levels

“…Barbieri, Moreira, Luchini, Hidalgo and Munoz () found that ammonia excretion was inhibited in Macrobrachium olfersii exposed to sublethal concentrations of carbofuran. Although there is still no evidence to confirm this, it is assumed that the decrease in ammonia‐N excretion by M. olfersii in the presence of toxicants can be attributed to a reduction in the metabolic rate or to an interaction of carbofuran with pathways for the production of ammonia‐N.…”

Acute toxicity and residue analysis of cartap hydrochloride pesticide: Toxicological implications on the fingerlings of fresh water fish Labeo rohita

“…The altered patterns of neuronal connectivity contributed to the developmental neurotoxicity of carbamates and demonstrated the utility of the zebra fish model for distinguishing subtle structure-based differential effects of AChE inhibitors, which include nerve agents (Fischer et al, 2015). Barbieri et al, (2016) have reported that these effects can result in metabolic disorders which are reflected in changes in oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion. This in turn might contribute to adverse effects in other organs (Colovic et al, 2013).…”

Ecotoxicological analysis during the removal of carbofuran in fungal bioaugmented matrices

“…Similarly, studies using other freshwater species demonstrated that sublethal concentrations of CFN exert negative effects, e.g. Barbieri et al (2013) demonstrated that ammonium excretion and oxygen consumption were significantly altered on shrimp (Macrobrachium olfersii) exposed to 0.5 mg L À1 CFN and Ibrahim and Harabawy (2014) showed hormonal alterations on Clarias gariepinus exposed to concentrations from 0.16 mg L À1 of CFN.…”

“…Due to its toxicity, CFN has been banned in the EU, and progressively in other latitudes. Several toxicological effects of CFN have been described in fish and other aquatic life (Adhikari et al, 2004;Barbieri et al, 2013;Gupta, 1994;.…”

“…This is especially important considering that TPs could present higher toxicity than the parent compound, and that residual sublethal concentrations of the pesticide from biomixtures can be relevant in lotic environments for such toxic compounds. Therefore specific responses to low sublethal concentrations must be used to properly assay the applicability of degradation systems; these responses (such as physiological parameters on fish) are sensitive tools to detect changes in the ecosystems (Barbieri and Alves Ferreira, 2011).…”