Assessment of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities in blood plasma of agriculture workers

Abstract

Background:Cholinesterase determination indicates whether the person has been under pesticide exposure is not. It is recommended that the worker′s cholinesterase level should be assessed for workers at a pesticide applied region. Hence, cholinesterase activities in blood samples of agricultural workers exposed to vegetables and grape cultivation with age matched, unexposed workers, who never had any exposure to pesticides, were estimated.Methods:The detailed occupational history and lifestyle characters were obtained by questionnaire. Cholinesterase activity was determined by the method of Ellman as modified by Chambers and Chambers.Results:AChE was ranging from 1.65 to 3.54μmoles/min/ml in exposed subjects where as it was ranged from 2.22 to 3.51μmoles/min/ml in control subjects. BChE activity was ranging from 0.16 to 5.2μmoles/min/ml among exposed subjects, where as it was ranged from 2.19 to 5.06μmoles/min/ml in control subjects. The results showed statistically significant reduction in enzyme activities (AChE 14%; BChE 56%) among exposed subjects.Conclusion:It was concluded that the reduction in cholinesterase activity may lead to varieties of effects. Hence it is compulsory to use protective gadgets during pesticide spray. Further a continuous biomonitoring study is recommended to assess pesticide exposure.

Assessment of Anticholinesterase Toxicity, Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Status in Carbamate and Organophosphorus PesticidesExposed Agricultural Workers

“…Moreover, the results of this study revealed that the percentage of BuChE inhibition was higher than AChE (61%, 39% respectively). Dhananjayan and his team observed a significant reduction in BuChE enzyme activities than AChE among children's environmentally exposed to pesticides 28 . According to Ellison et al, the inhibition of BuChE was more than AChE in a group of Egyptian farmers exposed to different pesticides 29 .…”

A Correlation Study : Levels of Butyrylcholinesterase and Paraoxonase 1 Activity amongst Shallot Farmworkers in Brebes Regency, Central Java, Indonesia

“…A study conducted in South India among 28 agricultural workers occupationally exposed to OPs and 13 unexposed male workers as the reference group demonstrated that the levels of BuChE significantly declined about 56% among the exposed workers (Dhananjayan et al, 2012).…”

“…Accumulation of the neurotransmitter Acetylcholine (ACh) occurs due to OPs that irreversibly block acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the synapse and cause over-stimulation of nicotinic and muscarinic receptors (Colovic, et al, 2013;Lacasana, et al, 2010). Some epidemiological studies conducted in agricultural workers demonstrated that exposure to OPs decreased levels of butyryl cholinesterase (BuChE) (Dhananjayan, Ravichandran, Anitha, & Rajmohan, 2012;Jamal, Haque, Singh, & Rastogi, 2015;Neupane, Jørs, & Brandt, 2017) and paraoxonase 1 (PON1) (Colovic, et al, 2013;Lacasana et al, 2010;Richard, et al, 2013) activities. PON1 activity was a key enzyme to detoxify OP pesticides and was used as a biomarker of susceptibility (Munoz-Quezad, et al, 2013).…”

A Importância Da Avaliação Das Dosagens Das Colinesterases Em Casos De Intoxicações Por Organofosforados

“…A elevação desses níveis gera uma Síndrome Colinérgica, caracterizada por sinais que envolvem o Sistema Nervoso Central (SNC) e ainda sintomas nicotínicos com estimulação excessiva de musculatura esquelética e muscarínicos onde há excessiva estimulação dos receptores das glândulas, ou seja, na musculatura lisa. (4,9,11,12) O monitoramento de indivíduos intoxicados por organofosforados é feito através de exames laboratoriais, como as enzimas hepáticas Aspartato Transferase (AST), Alanina Transferase (ALT), Fosfatase Alcalina (FAL) e Gama Glutamil Transferase ( GT), e especificamente com a dosagem das colinesterases a Acetilcolinesterase (AChe) e a Butirilcolinesterase (BChe), com essa determinação pode-se estabelecer o tipo de intoxicação aguda ou crônica, de acordo com a variação da meia vida de cada enzima. (11,12,13) O tratamento das intoxicações por organofosforados baseia-se principalmente no uso medicamentoso, sendo a Atropina, um antagonista dos efeitos da acetilcolina, e da Pralidoxima que reativa a enzima colinesterase e protege a que ainda não foi inibida pelo inseticida anticolinesterásico.…”

“…(4,9,11,12) O monitoramento de indivíduos intoxicados por organofosforados é feito através de exames laboratoriais, como as enzimas hepáticas Aspartato Transferase (AST), Alanina Transferase (ALT), Fosfatase Alcalina (FAL) e Gama Glutamil Transferase ( GT), e especificamente com a dosagem das colinesterases a Acetilcolinesterase (AChe) e a Butirilcolinesterase (BChe), com essa determinação pode-se estabelecer o tipo de intoxicação aguda ou crônica, de acordo com a variação da meia vida de cada enzima. (11,12,13) O tratamento das intoxicações por organofosforados baseia-se principalmente no uso medicamentoso, sendo a Atropina, um antagonista dos efeitos da acetilcolina, e da Pralidoxima que reativa a enzima colinesterase e protege a que ainda não foi inibida pelo inseticida anticolinesterásico. (2,3,9) Esse artigo buscou desenvolver um estudo sobre a importância da avaliação dos níveis séricos das colinesterases em casos de intoxicações por inseticidas.…”