Assessment of a four hour delay for urine samples stored without preservatives at room temperature for urinalysis

This article presents the general causes of preanalytic variability with a few examples showing specialists and practitioners that special and improved care should be given to this too often neglected phase. The preanalytic phase of clinical pathology includes all the steps from specimen collection to analysis. It is the phase where most laboratory errors occur in human, and probably also in veterinary clinical pathology. Numerous causes may affect the validity of the results, including technical factors, such as the choice of anticoagulant, the blood vessel sampled, and the duration and conditions of specimen handling. While the latter factors can be defined, influence of biologic and physiologic factors such as feeding and fasting, stress, and biologic and endocrine rhythms can often not be controlled. Nevertheless, as many factors as possible should at least be documented. The importance of the preanalytic phase is often not given the necessary attention, although the validity of the results and consequent clinical decision making and medical management of animal patients would likely be improved if the quality of specimens submitted to the laboratory was optimized.

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“…For urine, little information is available. In human urine, test strip analyses results were comparable after 2 and 4 hours at room temperature …”

Section: Technical Preanalytic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 85%

The preanalytic phase in veterinary clinical pathology

Braun

Bourgès‐Abella

Geffré

et al. 2014

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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“…They detected no changes in the 1 H NMR fingerprints of human urine stored at or below −25°C for 26 weeks. Veljkovic et al showed that urine may be stored at room temperature at least up to 4 h [6]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This can, in turn, be influenced by several factors, especially sample collection, storage, and handling procedures. Although these effects are well-known, only relatively few studies have been performed to date to quantify their effect [1–6]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only relatively few recommendations for sample collection, preparation, and storage have been published, especially on stabilization of the pH, which is the most important parameter in 1 H NMR spectroscopy [1–3]. Other studies give recommendations for buffer compositions to stabilize plasma [4], bile, and urine samples [1] or urine samples only [11], or for the maximum time for storing samples at 4°C [2, 5] or room temperature (RT) [6]. Apart from these established standard procedures, little is known about the degradation processes which occur during sample storage and processing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reproducibility of NMR Analysis of Urine Samples: Impact of Sample Preparation, Storage Conditions, and Animal Health Status

Schreier¹,

Kremer

Huber³

et al. 2013

BioMed Research International

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Introduction. Spectroscopic analysis of urine samples from laboratory animals can be used to predict the efficacy and side effects of drugs. This employs methods combining 1H NMR spectroscopy with quantification of biomarkers or with multivariate data analysis. The most critical steps in data evaluation are analytical reproducibility of NMR data (collection, storage, and processing) and the health status of the animals, which may influence urine pH and osmolarity. Methods. We treated rats with a solvent, a diuretic, or a nephrotoxicant and collected urine samples. Samples were titrated to pH 3 to 9, or salt concentrations increased up to 20-fold. The effects of storage conditions and freeze-thaw cycles were monitored. Selected metabolites and multivariate data analysis were evaluated after 1H NMR spectroscopy. Results. We showed that variation of pH from 3 to 9 and increases in osmolarity up to 6-fold had no effect on the quantification of the metabolites or on multivariate data analysis. Storage led to changes after 14 days at 4°C or after 12 months at −20°C, independent of sample composition. Multiple freeze-thaw cycles did not affect data analysis. Conclusion. Reproducibility of NMR measurements is not dependent on sample composition under physiological or pathological conditions.

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“…Addition of preservatives and types of preservatives may change urine volume and give rise to potential interference with assay methods (44,57 ). Depending on downstream analyses, urine biospecimens may or may not be kept refrigerated or kept on ice during the collection period, depending on the time until processing or storage (40,56,57,62 ) (Table 6). Centrifugation may result in loss of some analytes (40,56,57 ).…”

Section: Urinementioning

confidence: 99%

Preanalytical Variables Affecting the Integrity of Human Biospecimens in Biobanking

Ellervik

Vaught²

2015

Clinical Chemistry

137

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BACKGROUND Most errors in a clinical chemistry laboratory are due to preanalytical errors. Preanalytical variability of biospecimens can have significant effects on downstream analyses, and controlling such variables is therefore fundamental for the future use of biospecimens in personalized medicine for diagnostic or prognostic purposes. CONTENT The focus of this review is to examine the preanalytical variables that affect human biospecimen integrity in biobanking, with a special focus on blood, saliva, and urine. Cost efficiency is discussed in relation to these issues. SUMMARY The quality of a study will depend on the integrity of the biospecimens. Preanalytical preparations should be planned with consideration of the effect on downstream analyses. Currently such preanalytical variables are not routinely documented in the biospecimen research literature. Future studies using biobanked biospecimens should describe in detail the preanalytical handling of biospecimens and analyze and interpret the results with regard to the effects of these variables.

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Assessment of a four hour delay for urine samples stored without preservatives at room temperature for urinalysis

Cited by 13 publications

References 5 publications

The preanalytic phase in veterinary clinical pathology

The preanalytic phase in veterinary clinical pathology

Reproducibility of NMR Analysis of Urine Samples: Impact of Sample Preparation, Storage Conditions, and Animal Health Status

Preanalytical Variables Affecting the Integrity of Human Biospecimens in Biobanking

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