Assessment in rats of the reproductive toxicity of gasoline from a gasoline vapor recovery unit

McKee, Richard H.; Trimmer, Gary W.; Whitman, Frederick T.; Nessel, Craig S.; Mackerer, Carl R.; Hagemann, Randi; Priston, R. A. J.; Riley, Anthony; Cruzan, George; Simpson, Bob; Urbanus, Jan

doi:10.1016/s0890-6238(00)00085-x

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…These data extend results from published reproductive and developmental studies on inhaled vapors of gasoline (Roberts et al, 2001;McKee et al, 2000) and gasoline blended with 10% ethanol (E10, Gray et al, 2014) to include neurocognitive tests in offspring exposed in utero to fuel vapors containing substantial concentrations of ethanol. Few deficits were detected in tests of learning, memory and attention.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…A series of toxicology studies which evaluated gasoline and several oxygenated blends (American Petroleum Institute, 2014) revealed little evidence of reproductive or developmental toxicity in rats exposed to vapor condensates (VCs) made from gasoline or gasoline blended with 10% ethanol (E10, 12.4 vol.%, Henley et al, 2014), even at concentrations upwards of 20,000 mg/m 3 (~7500 ppm; McKee et al, 2000;Gray et al, 2014). These studies exposed rats (male and female) to vapors of gasoline (McKee et al, 2000) or gasoline with 10% ethanol (Gray et al, 2014) for 6 h daily, 7 days a week prior to and during mating and found no effects on any reproductive indices including fertility, organ weights, pathology, gestational length and litter size.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies exposed rats (male and female) to vapors of gasoline (McKee et al, 2000) or gasoline with 10% ethanol (Gray et al, 2014) for 6 h daily, 7 days a week prior to and during mating and found no effects on any reproductive indices including fertility, organ weights, pathology, gestational length and litter size. Additionally, no effects were found on fetal development indices, including body weight, growth, malformations, resorptions and viability in offspring exposed in utero 6 h daily to gasoline VC vapors during gestational days (GD) 6 to 19 (Roberts et al, 2001) or to gasoline and E10 VC vapors during GD 5 to 20 (Roberts et al, 2014) at concentrations up to 20,000 mg/m 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prenatal exposure to vapors of gasoline–ethanol blends causes few cognitive deficits in adult rats

Oshiro

Beasley

McDaniel

et al. 2015

Neurotoxicology and Teratology

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Prenatal exposure to vapors of gasoline–ethanol blends causes few cognitive deficits in adult rats

Oshiro

Beasley

McDaniel

et al. 2015

Neurotoxicology and Teratology

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“…The reproductive toxicity information relevant to pentanes includes a one generation reproductive toxicity test of isopentane (2-methylbutane, Yu et al 2011) along with supporting information from complex substances containing pentanes as principal constituents , McKee et al 2000. There have also been repeated dose studies in which it has been demonstrated through gross and pathological examinations that repeated exposure to pentanes has no effects on reproductive organs (Galvin and Marashi 1999c, Kim et al 2012, Stadler et al 2001).…”

Section: Reproductive Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the toxicological hazards of hydrocarbon solvents

McKee

Adenuga

Carrillo

2015

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

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Hydrocarbon solvents are liquid hydrocarbon fractions derived from petroleum processing streams, containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms, with carbon numbers ranging from approximately C5-C20 and boiling between approximately 35-370°C. Many of the hydrocarbon solvents have complex and variable compositions with constituents of 4 types, alkanes (normal paraffins, isoparaffins, and cycloparaffins) and aromatics (primarily alkylated one-and tworing species). Because of the compositional complexity, hydrocarbon solvents are now identified by a nomenclature ("the naming convention") that describes them in terms of physical/ chemical properties and compositional elements. Despite the compositional complexity, most hydrocarbon solvent constituents have similar toxicological properties, and the overall toxicological hazards can be characterized in generic terms. To facilitate hazard characterization, the solvents were divided into 9 groups (categories) of substances with similar physical and chemical properties. Hydrocarbon solvents can cause chemical pneumonitis if aspirated into the lung, and those that are volatile can cause acute CNS effects and/or ocular and respiratory irritation at exposure levels exceeding occupational recommendations. Otherwise, there are few toxicologically important effects. The exceptions, n-hexane and naphthalene, have unique toxicological properties, and those solvents containing constituents for which classification is required under the Globally Harmonized System (GHS) are differentiated by the substance names. Toxicological information from studies of representative substances was used to fulfill REACH registration requirements and to satisfy the needs of the OECD High Production Volume (HPV) initiative. As shown in the examples provided, the hazard characterization data can be used for hazard classification and for occupational exposure limit recommendations. Introduction Scope and purpose of the documentThe present document summarizes information on the physical/ chemical properties and toxicological hazards of hydrocarbon solvents and provides examples of the ways in which the information on hazard characterization can be used for hazard classification and to set occupational exposure limits. Many of the toxicological studies were published separately, but the results are summarized herein and referenced in the appendices.Hydrocarbon solvents are liquid hydrocarbon fractions that are primarily produced by the distillation of petroleum feed stocks or their synthetic analogs (e.g., Fischer-Tropsch derived materials), sometimes followed by additional processing steps such as solvent extraction, hydrodesulfurization, or hydrogenation. 1 Most hydrocarbon solvents are complex substances with variable compositions and are best described as UVCB 2 (unknown and variable composition) substances, but some are single constituent (mono-constituent) substances. The complex and variable nature of these solvents is the consequence of their manufacturing processes. In short, most hydroca...

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“…As shown in Figure 1, gasoline constituents are primarily in the range of C5 to C8. 12 In contrast, gasoline vapor is comprised almost entirely of C4 to C6 hydrocarbons and contains very low levels of constituents with carbon numbers greater than C6. Among other things this means that many of the constituents present in gasoline would not normally contribute to inhalation exposure, the main route of exposure, and more specifically that, although gasoline contains primarily paraffins and aromatics, gasoline vapor contains primarily paraffins and olefins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicological Assessment of Heavy Straight Run Naphtha in a Repeated Dose/Reproductive Toxicity Screening Test

McKee

Steup

Schreiner³

et al. 2013

Int J Toxicol

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Gasoline blending stocks (naphthas) are comprised of normal, iso-and cycloparaffins and aromatic hydrocarbons with carbon numbers ranging from C4 to C12. Heavy straight run naphtha (HSRN, CAS number 64741-41-9) was selected for toxicity screening because substances of this type contain relatively high levels (28%) of cycloparaffins by comparison to other naphtha streams and the data complement toxicity information on other gasoline blending streams. Rats were exposed by inhalation to wholly vaporized material at levels of approximately 100, 500, or 3000 parts per million (ppm) daily to screen the potential for systemic toxicity, neurotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, and developmental effects to postnatal day 4. All animals survived the treatment period. Principal effects of repeated exposure included increased liver weights in males and females, increased kidney weights in males, and histological changes in the thyroid, secondary to liver enzyme induction. These changes were not considered to be toxicologically meaningful and are not relevant to humans. There were no treatment-related effects in functional observation tests or motor activity; no significant reductions in fertility or changes in other reproductive parameters; and no evidence of developmental toxicity in offspring. The overall no observed adverse effect concentration was 3000 ppm (approximately 13 600 mg/m 3 ). In conclusion the HSRN effects on liver and kidney are consistent with the results of other studies of volatile fractions or other naphthas or formulated gasoline, and there were no HSRN effects on neurological developmental or reproductive parameters.

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Assessment in rats of the reproductive toxicity of gasoline from a gasoline vapor recovery unit

Cited by 17 publications

References 20 publications

Prenatal exposure to vapors of gasoline–ethanol blends causes few cognitive deficits in adult rats

Prenatal exposure to vapors of gasoline–ethanol blends causes few cognitive deficits in adult rats

Characterization of the toxicological hazards of hydrocarbon solvents

Toxicological Assessment of Heavy Straight Run Naphtha in a Repeated Dose/Reproductive Toxicity Screening Test

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