Assessment in Art Therapy

Gilroy, Andrea; Tipple, Robin A.; Brown, Christopher

doi:10.4324/9780203140444

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The use of art as an assessment is based on the notion that the work produced by the artist constitutes a projective space, wherein internal content can be externalized (Machover, 1949;Rubin, 1999). Pictorial phenomena may therefore reveal fragments of the artist's inner world (Frank et al, 1994;Gilory et al, 2012). One of the common techniques used for the purposes of assessment in art therapy is the joint drawing, wherein two people share a single piece of paper to make a drawing.…”

Section: Joint Drawing As An Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Friends’ Closeness and Intimacy From Adolescence to Adulthood: Art Captures Implicit Relational Representations in Joint Drawing: A Longitudinal Study

et al. 2020

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This longitudinal study, employing a mixed-methods explanatory design, explored the power of art to express aspects of one's inner world using the joint drawing technique, which allows for observation and treatment of implicit representations of relationships. At Time 1 (T1, 1977-1978), 200 adolescents created a joint drawing with either a good friend or with a classmate who was not a friend and filled out the Intimate Friendship Scale (IFS) in relation to their best friend. In 2014 (T2), 36 women and 21 men from the original cohort completed the IFS with regard to a good friend and with regard to their spouse. The drawings were analyzed qualitatively to define pictorial phenomena that may be indicative of closeness. The analysis was conducted in accordance with the phenomenological approach to art therapy and with the principles of thematic analysis. Fourteen pictorial phenomena were defined, and a scale was constructed to quantitatively evaluate the extent to which each phenomenon was present in the joint drawing. This yielded a closeness score for each drawing. Quantitatively, no correlations were found between intimacy as measured by IFS at T1 and at T2. In contrast, there was a correlation between the degree of closeness in the joint drawing at T1, and the IFS score with the partner in T2, suggesting continuity over the 36-year time span. This correlation was likewise found when examined separately among participants who drew with a friend. The multivariate ANOVA (MANOVA) results showed a marginally significant effect for the interaction between closeness in drawing and drawing with a friend/non-friend-on IFS. An ANOVA showed that the IFS regarding the participant's best friend and their romantic partner at T2 was higher when the closeness in the drawing at T1 was higher. There was also a significant interaction between closeness in the drawings and the participant's IFS score regarding their best friend at T1. The differences between the joint drawing with the close friend and the non-friend are discussed. These findings, from a span of over 36 years, thus contribute to the validity of the IFS and the joint drawing technique when assessing closeness and intimacy.

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Section: Joint Drawing As An Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Friends’ Closeness and Intimacy From Adolescence to Adulthood: Art Captures Implicit Relational Representations in Joint Drawing: A Longitudinal Study

et al. 2020

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“…Despite the ongoing discussion about how to interpret the formal elements in art therapy assessment (e.g., Hinz, 2009;Gilroy et al, 2012), most studies seem to agree that formal elements are related to how clients make art products (Gantt, 2001;Hinz, 2009;Conrad et al, 2011). In previous studies, this assumption has been specified using the concept of "material interaction, " which refers to the art making process and the clients' interaction with the art materials (Pénzes et al, 2014(Pénzes et al, , 2015.…”

Section: Implications For Clinical Practice Of Art Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Art therapy observation and assessment is considered to be a key to estimate what the client's problem is, to determine whether a client may benefit from art therapy, to formulate treatment goals and to apply the appropriate art interventions (Hinz, 2009(Hinz, , 2020Gilroy et al, 2012;Malchiodi, 2012). Several art therapy perspectives that draw from diverse approaches such as psychodynamic, humanistic, behavioral, developmental and integrative approaches (Rubin, 2001(Rubin, , 2005Jones, 2005;Van Lith, 2016), have different views and theories on how exactly the art form relates to mental health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The focus subsequently shifted from symbolic content to the formal elements of art products, such as "line, " "color, " and "movement" as these were considered to be more objective (Gantt, 2001(Gantt, , 2004Thomas and Cody, 2012). The underlying assumption is that formal elements in an art product represent the way clients interact with art materials in order to express themselves and that they are related to clients' mental health (Gantt and Tabone, 1998;Gantt, 2001Gantt, , 2004Hinz, 2009Hinz, , 2015Gilroy et al, 2012;Nan and Hinz, 2012;Pénzes et al, 2014Pénzes et al, , 2015. Several art therapy assessment instruments have been developed to measure these formal elements and relate them to clients' mental health problems (e.g., Cohen, 1986Cohen, /1994Cohen et al, 1986;Hacking, 1999;Elbing and Hacking, 2001;Stuhler-Bauer and Elbing, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Formal Elements of Art Products Indicate Aspects of Mental Health

et al. 2020

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Formal elements are often used in art therapy assessment. The assumption is that formal elements are observable aspects of the art product that allow reliable and valid assessment of clients' mental health. Most of the existing art therapy assessment instruments are based on clinical expertise. Therefore, it is not clear to what degree these instruments are restricted to formal elements. Other aspects might also be included, such as clinical expertise of the therapist. This raises the question of whether and how formal elements as observable aspects of the art product are related to clients' mental health. To answer this question, four studies are presented that look at: (1) a meta-theoretical description of formal elements; (2) operationalization of these formal elements so they can be analyzed reliably in clients' art products; (3) establishment of reliable and clinically relevant formal elements; (4) the relationship between formal elements and adult clients' mental health. Results show that the combination of the formal elements "movement," "dynamic," and "contour" are significantly interrelated and related to clients' mental health, i.e., psychopathology, psychological flexibility, experiential avoidance, and adaptability. These findings give insight in the diagnostic value of art products and how they may add to clients' verbal expression and indicate their potential to benefit from therapy.

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“…Although there are many benefits from the use of such art-based assessment instruments in art therapy, there are notions about their drawbacks. The need for evidence-based art therapy practice [13][14][15][16] has highlighted the insufficiency of data regarding the validity and reliability, as well as applicability of such instruments in variety of different client/patient groups. Therefore, the research goal of this study was to adapt TBD in Latvia, to assess its correlation with problem solving strategies and to determine whether any differences exist between the drawings of two study groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development, adaptation and application of a rehabilitation technology – art-based assessments of art therapy: An overview of the current situation in Latvia

Strazdina

2018

SHS Web Conf.

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The aim of this study is to give an overview on the current situation of art-based assessment in Latvia, focusing on the adaptation and its results of The Bridge Drawing (TBD) assessment tool. The study consisted of two stages – the adaptation of TBD in Latvian and examination of its content validity and psychometric data; the use of adapted instrument in order to investigate any differences in TBD drawings between clients with symptomatic eating disorders and those without. In the first stage of the study, 40 respondents participated, while in the second stage 50 participants (25 respondents with symptomatic eating disorders and 25 without such diagnosis) were selected. It was concluded that the psychometric data generally shows adequate results in most of the quantitative TBD scales. Statistically significant correlation between a number of TBD and COPE-LV scales was detected, suggesting that TBD can be used to determine problem-solving strategies. This research also revealed various differences in TBD drawings of clients with symptomatic eating disorders.

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Assessment in Art Therapy

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Friends’ Closeness and Intimacy From Adolescence to Adulthood: Art Captures Implicit Relational Representations in Joint Drawing: A Longitudinal Study

Friends’ Closeness and Intimacy From Adolescence to Adulthood: Art Captures Implicit Relational Representations in Joint Drawing: A Longitudinal Study

Formal Elements of Art Products Indicate Aspects of Mental Health

Development, adaptation and application of a rehabilitation technology – art-based assessments of art therapy: An overview of the current situation in Latvia

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