Assessment Effect of Mutations on Genetic Variability of Yield and Its Components in some Genotypes of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Abstract

Peanut is one of the oil crops, growth patterns have made it difficult to carry out the genetic improvement. This study was conducted to bring about changes in four genotypes. by treating the seeds with different concentrations of sodium azide as a substance mutation to improve the on morphological and yield characteristics. An experiment was conducted in the experimental farm at the Agricultural Research Station in Ismailia, Oil Crops Department. Using genotypes (Giza 6, imported 360, local 302, line 34), they planted in a randomized complete block design in three replications with split plot design. The study showed that the general average of all genotypes was higher in the first mutant than in the second. Also, the concentrations of the mutagenic substance had a clear effect on the plants in the mutant generations in terms of morphological and yield component. heritability values exceeded 75% for many of the traits studied in each of the mutagenic generations. The first mutagen. values of the amount of expected genetic improvement ranged between 62.18% and 96.67% for some of the traits that were studied, where all the studied traits recorded varying values of genetic improvement through selection for genetic improvement, and it may range from 2.3 to 96.2 and from 2.5 to 106.1 in the mutant generations (first -second) respectively. Finally, it can be said that the concentration of 0.01% and 0.03% of sodium azide played an important role in causing a mutation to improve the yield characteristics of the genotypes.