Assessment: Botulinum neurotoxin for the treatment of movement disorders (an evidence-based review) [RETIRED]

Simpson, David M.; Blitzer, Andrew; Brashear, Allison; Comella, Cynthia L.; Dubinsky, Richard; Hallett, Mark; Jankovic, Joseph; Karp, Barbara; Ludlow, Christy L.; Miyasaki, Janis; Naumann, Markus; So, Yuen T.

doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000311389.26145.95

Cited by 456 publications

(162 citation statements)

References 79 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…Case series indicate that botulinum toxin can not only reduce tics but also associated uncomfortable premonitory sensations and pain [24,25]. Eyeblinking, neck and shoulder tics are the most common tics treated this way.…”

Section: Botulinum Toxin For Ticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of Tourette Syndrome

Kurlan

2014

Neurotherapeutics

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Tourette's syndrome (TS) consists of chronic motor and phonic tics and characteristically begins in childhood. The tics can be disabling and commonly associated behavioral comorbities such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessivecompulsive disorder (OCD), can also cause problems in daily functioning. The underlying etiology and neurobiology of TS remain unknown although genetic factors appear to be important, cortical control of basal ganglia motor function appears to be disturbed and neurochemical abnormalities, particularly involving dopamine neurotransmission, are likely present. The treatment of TS involves appropriate education and support. Tics can be treated with habit reversal cognitive behavioral therapy, medications (most commonly alpha agonists and antipsychotics), local intramuscular injections of botulinum toxin and some severe, refractory cases have responded to deep brain stimulation surgery (DBS). It is important to appropriately diagnose and treat comorbid behavioral disorders that are disrupting function. OCD can be treated with cognitive behavioral therapy, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and atypical antipsychotics. DBS has become a treatment option for patients with disabling OCD despite other therapies. ADHD is treated with appropriate classroom accommodations, behavioral therapy, alpha agonists, atomoxetine or methylphenidate-containing stimulant drugs.

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Section: Botulinum Toxin For Ticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of Tourette Syndrome

Kurlan

2014

Neurotherapeutics

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“…Based on the 2008 AAN evidence-based recommendations, the authors found two efficacy trials that would fulfil their criteria as class II studies [Simpson et al 2008]. The first study by Jankovic and Orman provided class II evidence for chemodenervation on blepharospasm [Jankovic and Orman, 1987].…”

Section: Onabotulinumtoxina (Botox)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Botulinum toxin in the management of blepharospasm: current evidence and recent developments

Hellman

Torres-Russotto

2014

Ther Adv Neurol Disord

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Blepharospasm is a focal dystonia characterized by involuntary closure of the eyelids [Stacy, 2007]. It usually affects both orbicularis oculi, and can progress into causing significant disability. It may occur in isolation, or be associated with other dystonias. Parkinsonism, dystonic cerebral palsy, and tardive phenomena are some of the commonly associated disorders. Adequate treatment of blepharospasm is necessary to allow maintenance of quality of life, avoid functional blindness, and to prevent complications such as corneal abrasions and dermatochalasis. In 1989, blepharospasm (in patients older than 12 years old) was the first indication approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the use of BoNT-A [Ramirez-Castaneda and Jankovic, 2013]. Before the introduction of chemodenervation through botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injections, treatment was challenging, as oral medications had minimal effectiveness and produced limiting side effects. We provide here an up-todate review of the use of BoNT for blepharospasm. Epidemiology Prevalence estimates of blepharospasm range from 16-133 cases per million [Defazio and

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“…Two companion articles review the use of BoNT for other conditions: one on headache, back pain, autonomic, and urologic disorders, 9 and another on selected movement disorders, including blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm, cervical dystonia, focal limb dystonia, laryngeal dystonia, and tics and tremor. 10 While brief mention is made of other treatments for the covered indications, discussion of detailed evidence supporting their efficacy is beyond the scope of this article.…”

Section: Description Of the Analytical Pro-cessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment: Botulinum neurotoxin for the treatment of spasticity (an evidence-based review): [RETIRED]

et al. 2008

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Assessment: Botulinum neurotoxin for the treatment of movement disorders (an evidence-based review) [RETIRED]

Abstract: Objective:To perform an evidence-based review of the safety and efficacy of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) in the treatment of movement disorders.

Cited by 456 publications

References 79 publications

Treatment of Tourette Syndrome

Treatment of Tourette Syndrome

Botulinum toxin in the management of blepharospasm: current evidence and recent developments

Assessment: Botulinum neurotoxin for the treatment of spasticity (an evidence-based review): [RETIRED]

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