Assessment and Modelling of Groundwater Quality Data by Environmetric Methods in the Context of Public Health

Abstract

Various chemometric methods were used to analyze and model potable water quality data. Twenty water quality parameters were measured at 164 different sites in three representative areas (low land, semi-mountainous, and coastal) of the Thessaly region (Greece), for a 3-month period (September to November 2006). Hierarchical cluster analysis (CA) grouped the 164 sample sites into two clusters (CA-group 1 and CA-group 2) based on the similarities of potable water quality characteristics. Discriminant analysis was assigned about 94.5% of the cases grouped by CA. Factor analysis (FA) was applied to standardized log-transformed data sets to examine the differences between the above clusters and identify their latent factors. For each of the above two clusters (CA-group 1 and CA-group 2), FA yielded six latent factors that explain 68.7% and 73.4% of the total variance, respectively. FA was also identified the latent factors that characterize each cluster. The identification was obtained, using (a) descriptive statistics, (b) t test for equality of cluster means, (c) box plot, (d) error bar, (e) factors score plots, (f) matrix scatter score means plot and (g) scatter plot of the six significant latent factors from the factor set of A. Papaioannou (B) · P. Plageras A. Papaioannou et al. all samples group. The classification scheme obtained through cluster analysis was confirmed by discriminant analysis and explained by factor analysis.

Quality indices of groundwater for agricultural use in the Soconusco, Chiapas, Mexico

“…This would have generated different techniques for water quality report, include the so-called Water Quality Index (WQI) grouping one or more physicochemical and bacteriological parameters (Guzman-Colis et al 2011;Kankal et al 2012) even supported by statistical techniques (Hülya and Hayal, 2007;Papaioannou et al 2010;Hafizan et al 2011;Mohd et al 2011). To this, the pressures of agriculture and increasing living standards demanding better agricultural products (Wijnen et al 2012) and therefore better quality of water used for agricultural activity are added.…”

Assessment of Groundwater Quality by Chemometrics

“…These chemometric methods were used to analyze data sets of water quality parameters measured in order to determine temporal and spatial variations in water (drinking water, surface water, marine water, coastal water, rainwater, river water, groundwater, etc.) quality and identify pollution sources (e.g., Simeonov et al, 2003;Lambrakis et al, 2004;Kotti et al, 2005;Singh et al, 2005;Astel et al, 2006;Papatheodorou et al, 2006;Zhou et al, 2007a and b;Filik et al, 2008;Kazi et al, 2009;Bu et al, 2010;Papaioannou et al, 2010;Yang et al, 2010;Kamble et al, 2011;Kannel et al, 2011;Ruggieri et al, 2011;Akbal et al, 2012;Lu et al, 2012;Memet et al, 2012;Olsen et al, 2012;Vieira et al, 2012;Zhang et al, 2012;Hammouni et al, 2013;Qi et al, 2013). However, comprehensive applications of different chemometric methods to analyse groundwater quality data are not very common worldwide, nor are they in the Larissa area (Thessaly, central Greece), and source identification at each monitoring site has not been fully explored in groundwater studies in this region.…”

Chemometric expertise of the quality of groundwater sources for domestic use

“…Our intent was to find the correlations between the sampling sites and the variables obtained by physical and chemical measurements, which could be helpful to official authorities in building a fast and reliable decision model for separating sources with different water quality and optimizing the potable water monitoring plan. [30] Experimental…”