Assessment and Impact of Cognitive Impairment in Multiple Sclerosis: An Overview

Islas, Miguel Ángel Macías; Ciampi, Ethel

doi:10.3390/biomedicines7010022

Cited by 89 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 140 publications

(193 reference statements)

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“… 16 17 The Minimal Assessment of Cognitive Function in Multiple Sclerosis (MACFIMS) is currently the gold standard for the cognitive assessment of MS patients. 18 19 The MACFIMS battery includes the following seven tests covering five cognitive domains: Controlled Oral Word Association (COWAT), Judgment of Line Orientation (JLO), second edition of the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT-II), Brief Visuospatial Memory Test–Revised (BVMT-R), Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT), and Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (DKEFS). The information processing speed (IPS) and executive function are the most common cognitive domains reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Expanded Disability Status Scale Score and Demographic Indexes Are Correlated with the Severity of Cognitive Impairment in Multiple Sclerosis Patients

et al. 2021

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Background and Purpose Cognitive impairment (CI) is a common symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS). Although demographic and clinical factors contribute to MS-dependent CI, previous findings have been inconsistent. This study aimed to identify the cognitive domains that are impaired in MS patients, and to determine the impacts of the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score and other clinical and demographic factors on them domains. Methods This study enrolled 115 MS patients. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Minimal Assessment of Cognitive Function in Multiple Sclerosis (MACFIMS) battery. CI severity was assessed based on the number of impaired tasks in the MACFIMS battery, with impairment in two or more tasks defined as CI cases. Correlation analysis was used to determine whether factors including current age, age at disease onset, EDSS score, disease duration, relapse rate, and education level affect the severity of CI. Results The scores on the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test and Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System were the most and least affected, respectively. EDSS score ( r =0.438, p <0.001), current age ( r =0.393, p <0.001), and disease duration ( r =0.486, p <0.001) were positively correlated with CI severity, whereas education level ( r =−0.527, p <0.001) had a negative correlation with CI severity, and age at disease onset and relapse rate were not correlated with CI severity ( r =0.150 and p =0.107, and r =0.052 and p =0.530, respectively). However, all variables (except EDSS score) significantly predicted CI severity in a multiple regression model ( p <0.001, r =0.668). Conclusions Information processing speed and working memory were the most commonly affected cognitive domains in the present MS patients. CI severity had strong positive correlations with current age, EDSS score, and disease duration, and a negative correlation with education level. The relapse rate and age at disease onset were not correlated with CI severity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Expanded Disability Status Scale Score and Demographic Indexes Are Correlated with the Severity of Cognitive Impairment in Multiple Sclerosis Patients

et al. 2021

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“…Neurocognitive impairment (NCI) is an important feature of multiple sclerosis (MS) and might be even more relevant to patients than mobility restrictions (1). More important, there is no efficient therapy for the NCI (2,3). Hence, it is important to incorporate cognitive assessment into MS clinics and to stimulate research leading to effective interventions to moderate the NCI (4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CD8+ T Cell-Mediated Mechanisms Contribute to the Progression of Neurocognitive Impairment in Both Multiple Sclerosis and Alzheimer's Disease?

et al. 2020

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Neurocognitive impairment (NCI) is one of the most relevant clinical manifestations of multiple sclerosis (MS). The profile of NCI and the structural and functional changes in the brain structures relevant for cognition in MS share some similarities to those in Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of neurocognitive disorders. Additionally, despite clear etiopathological differences between MS and AD, an accumulation of effector/memory CD8+ T cells and CD8+ tissue-resident memory T (Trm) cells in cognitively relevant brain structures of MS/AD patients, and higher frequency of effector/memory CD8+ T cells re-expressing CD45RA (TEMRA) with high capacity to secrete cytotoxic molecules and proinflammatory cytokines in their blood, were found. Thus, an active pathogenetic role of CD8+ T cells in the progression of MS and AD may be assumed. In this mini-review, findings supporting the putative role of CD8+ T cells in the pathogenesis of MS and AD are displayed, and putative mechanisms underlying their pathogenetic action are discussed. A special effort was made to identify the gaps in the current knowledge about the role of CD8+ T cells in the development of NCI to "catalyze" translational research leading to new feasible therapeutic interventions.

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“…Disease progression in MS is routinely measured using the EDSS in clinical trials as well as clinical practice [185] The EDSS has been criticized for lacking measures of cognitive function, an important dimension of MS [186][187][188] Currently, models are focused on capturing the benefit of DMTs in terms of delaying progression in physical disability or avoiding relapse, while ignoring the impact on cognitive ability and other clinically relevant outcomes. Future models are recommended to explore how the cognition, vision, and psychological components of RMS can be captured.…”

Section: Edss-based Health Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

How have Economic Evaluations in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis Evolved Over Time? A Systematic Literature Review

Wiyani¹,

Badgujar

Khurana³

et al. 2021

Neurol Ther

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Introduction: The introduction of diseasemodifying therapies (DMTs) for relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS) over the last two decades has prompted the economic assessments of these treatments by reimbursement authorities. The aim of this systematic literature review was to evaluate the modeling approach and data sources used in economic evaluations of DMTs for RMS, identify differences and similarities, and explore how economic evaluation models have evolved over time. Methods: MEDLINEÒ, EmbaseÒ, and EBM Reviews databases were searched using OvidÒ Platform from database inception on 25 December 2019 and subsequently updated on 17 February 2021. In addition, health technology assessment agency websites, key conference proceedings, and gray literature from relevant

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Assessment and Impact of Cognitive Impairment in Multiple Sclerosis: An Overview

Cited by 89 publications

References 140 publications

The Expanded Disability Status Scale Score and Demographic Indexes Are Correlated with the Severity of Cognitive Impairment in Multiple Sclerosis Patients

The Expanded Disability Status Scale Score and Demographic Indexes Are Correlated with the Severity of Cognitive Impairment in Multiple Sclerosis Patients

CD8+ T Cell-Mediated Mechanisms Contribute to the Progression of Neurocognitive Impairment in Both Multiple Sclerosis and Alzheimer's Disease?

How have Economic Evaluations in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis Evolved Over Time? A Systematic Literature Review

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