Assessment and follow-up of muscle injuries in athletes by bioimpedance: Preliminary results

Abstract

Mono-frequency (50 kHz) whole-body and segmental bioimpedance is measured before sport training in 14 high performance athletes. The athletes are classified in two groups according to the team sport: football and basketball. Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) method is used to obtain the individual whole-body impedance and 6 segmental impedance vectors in the main muscular groups in the lower-limbs. The whole-body vector is analyzed in the tolerance ellipses of the reference population. Individual impedance vector components are standardized by the height H of the subject, (R/H and Xc/H) to obtain the impedance vector (Z/H) of each segment. The hypotheses of the study are: 1) Not all the sports have the same pattern of bioimpedance vector by muscle group. 2) In elite well trained athletes their muscle groups are symmetrical (right and left sides), thus each athlete is its own reference for future comparisons. 3) We expect a change in the two components of bioimpedance vector (R/H and Xc/H) in front of a muscle injury. In order to compare the differences between the complex Z/H vector (R/H, Xc/H) we use Hotelling's T2 test. Preliminary results show a significant difference (P < 0.05) in bioimpedance vectors between groups according to the team sport, and also between normal muscle condition and after muscle injury producing hyper-hydration.

Accuracy of Specific BIVA for the Assessment of Body Composition in the United States Population

“…However this result is mainly due to the correct diagnoses of hydration status, while the recognition of obese and athletic individuals was poorly checked either because of the low sample size and because of the apparent large classification error (see Table 2 in Bronhara et al [34]). As a matter of fact, the validation of classic BIVA with respect to the classification of obese individuals is generally based on indirect indicators of body composition, such as the BMI [35], [36], while studies on athletic individuals are few and show a dishomogeneous bioelectrical pattern in different sports [21]–[25].…”

“…BIVA has been applied in different geographic contexts [10]–[13], in juvenile samples [10]–[17] as well as in the elderly [18]–[20], in athletes [21]–[25], and in many pathological conditions (see the reviews by Barbosa-Silva et al [2] and by Norman et al [26], and the more recent researches [27]–[33]. The clinical validation of BIVA showed a significant association of bioelectrical values with hydration [26], [34] and nutritional status [26].…”

Integrated total body composition and localized fat-free mass assessment

“…Predominant physical effort in soccer is put forth by the lower limbs, therefore, the evaluation of six localized-longitudinal bioimpedance measurements was carried out in this district [25].…”

“…With the localized assessment being a vector evaluation, the parameters analyzed were Rz (X) and Xc (X), normalized by segment length [25] (L, X/m), not by height of subject [24]:…”

Miografía por impedancia eléctrica

“…Los cambios de masa magra o los acúmulos de lí-quidos abdominales (cirrosis, ascitis) no se reflejan adecuadamente en las mediciones corporales totales 19 . Además de la determinación de la composición corporal la SBIA se ha utilizado para evaluar la condición de hidratación en pacientes durante la hemodiálisis 20 , monitorizar el desarrollo de edema posquirúrgico en miembros inferiores 21 , evaluar la aparición de linfedema posterior a la resección ganglionar en cáncer de mama 22 , seguimiento del proceso de cicatrización en piel 23 , detección de sarcopenia en adultos mayores 24 y evaluar la presencia y severidad de lesiones musculares agudas 25,26 .…”