Assessment and Distribution of Heavy Metals Pollutants in Manzala Lake, Egypt

Abstract

Contamination with heavy metals is one of the most serious problems in the aquatic environments. In Egypt, Manzala Lake is suffering from this problem. The objective of this work was to assess heavy metals pollutants and their spatial distribution in Manzala Lake using GIS technique. Georeferenced water and sediment samples were randomly collected from the lake. The detected heavy metals were: Fe, Pb, Cu, Cd, Cr, Zn and Co. The obtained results indicated that the highest concentrations of heavy metals were observed in the northeastern and the southern parts of the lake nearby drains. This could be attributed to industrial, agricultural and municipal wastes coming through the drains especially Bahr El-Baqar drain and the industrial wastes coming from Port Said drains. From the geo-accumulation index, it was noticed that the lake is more polluted with cadmium and lead in the hydrosoils samples. All metals in water are within the EPA standard limit except for cadmium. Geostatistics provides effective methods to quantify the contaminated waters and sediments which support decision-making about redevelopment scenarios or remediation techniques.

Soil quality and health risk assessment of heavy metals in agricultural areas irrigated with wastewater from Kitchener Drain, Nile Delta, Egypt

“…In Hydrosoil samples the heavy metals were estimated by following Zahran, et al (2015). The enrichment Factor (EF) is magnitude of contaminants and iron (Fe) was chosen as the controlling element (Seshan et al, 2010).…”

Environmental Pollution by Heavy Metals in the Gold Mining Region of East Cameroon

“…Table 6 shows that enrichment factors for Mn, Fe, Y, Ga, Zn, Cu, Ni, Rb, Sr, Sn and Ba vary between 0 and 2, indicating the minimal enrichment in soil collected in Bétaré Oya and Batouri. For Pb and As, mean enrichment factor values vary between 2 and 5, indicating a moderate enrichment in soil (Zahran et al, 2015). Sites BO4 and BO5 of Bétaré Oya present respectively Pb and As values ranging between 5 and 20, meaning that Pb and As are the mains elements of anthropogenic loading into the soil of Betaré Oya.…”

“…It enables to differentiate heavy metals originating from anthropogenic sources and those of natural sources (Emmanuel et al, 2014;Salati and Moore, 2010). The enrichment factor was calculated using the formula used by number of authors (Abhijit and Ramkrishna, 2017;Tariq et al, 2018;Smuc et al, 2015;Zahran et al, 2015;Jiao et al, 2015) and given by the following Equation 4:…”

Determination of Some Heavy Metals in water of the Southern Region of Lake Manzala, Egypt

“…The contamination by heavy metals in the aquatic environments has drawn particular attentions due to their toxicity, persistence and biological accumulation (Zahran et al, 2015). Such pollutions can negatively impact human health and ecosystems through a range of accumulatory processes within the food chain (Dar et al, 2015).…”

“…These studies dealt with different environmental aspects of the lake including geological aspects, hydrological regime, physico-chemical properties, bacterial indices, phytoplankton composition, benthic invertebrates, fishery status and water quality and pollution of the lake (El-Wakeel and Wahby, 1970;Dowidar and Hamza, 1983;Abdel-Mouti, 1985;Abdel-Mouti and Dowidar, 1988;Khalil and El-Awamri, 1988;Khalil and Bayoumi, 1988;Khalil, 1990;El-Ghobashy, 1990;El-Sabrouti and Mahmoud 1990;Said, 1992;El-Bokhty, 1996;Hussein 1997, Abdel-Satar, (1998and 2009; Frihy et al, 1998;Dewidar and Khedr, 2001;Fathi et al 2001;Flower, 2001;Lotfy, 2001 and2007;Abdalla, 2003;Fathi and Abdelzahar, 2003;Abbassy et al, 2003;El-Enany, 2004;Mabrouk, 2004;Gad, 2005;Yacoub et al 2005;Ali. 2008;El-Refaie, 2010;Hamed, et al, 2013;Mehanna, et al, 2014;Orabi and Osman, 2015;Zahran, et al, 2015 andEL-Shafei, 2016).…”