Assessment and analysis of the human rib lateral slopes

Berthet, Fabien; Vezin, Philippe; Chèze, Laurence; Verriest, Jean-Pierre

doi:10.1080/10255840512331388137

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…While the mass of the fatty tissue on the subject's torso was not directly measured, it was observed during the preparation process that most of the difference in body shape between the three subjects was in the amount and distribution of torso fat. Berthet et al (2005) proposed that differences in corpulence can also influence ribcage geometry (and therefore affect thoracic stiffness) to an equal or greater degree than age, and this finding would support such a hypothesis.…”

Section: General Findingsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Structural Response of Cadaveric Ribcages Under a Localized Loading: Stiffness and Kinematic Trends

Kindig¹,

Lau²,

Forman³

et al. 2010

SAE Technical Paper Series

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To improve understanding of structural coupling and deformation patterns throughout the loaded ribcage, the present study reports the force-displacement and kinematic responses under a highly-localized loading condition using three PMHS ribcages (ages 44, 61, and 63 years). The ribcages were quasi-statically loaded locally to a non-failure displacement (nominally 15% of the ribcage depth at the loaded rib level) at approximately 25 unilateral locations and 5-7 geometrically symmetric bilateral locations on the anterior surface of each ribcage, for a total of 94 tests. The translations of 56 points distributed around the anterior, lateral, and posterior portions of the superficial surface of the ribcage were measured while under loading. Each of the first through sixth rib levels was then separated from the remaining ribs, and this "rib ring" structure was individually loaded at the sternum in the anterior-posterior direction. The force when the ribcage was deflected to 8% of its initial depth was normalized to the force at the upper sternum (viz. 81.232.2 N). The normalized unilateral force at the costo-chondral junction was found to vary from 0.760.29 at rib 1 to 0.150.02 at rib 9, while bilateral forces (sum of left and right aspects) varied from 0.92 to 1.11. The rib rings were generally less stiff, ranging from 0.780.24 for rib 1 to 0.190.01 for rib 6. The deformation patterns under all loading conditions were quantified. In general, bilateral loading produced an approximately symmetric deformation pattern, while unilateral loading resulted in approximately twice as much resultant deformation on the ipsilateral side compared to the contralateral side.

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Section: General Findingsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Structural Response of Cadaveric Ribcages Under a Localized Loading: Stiffness and Kinematic Trends

Kindig¹,

Lau²,

Forman³

et al. 2010

SAE Technical Paper Series

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“…The age-related changes in thorax shape were also studied and authors assumed that the ribs became more horizontal with age and the slope of ribs in sagittal plane decreased with age (Oskvig, 1999;Kent et al, 2005;Gayzik et al, 2008). Yet, some authors also found a correlation between BMI and the thorax shape (Berthet et al, 2005;Gayzik et al, 2008). Body Mass Index (BMI) was associated with increased risk of mortality and increased risk of severe injury with a predominant occurrence for rib fractures and pulmonary contusions (Boulanger et al, 1992;Mock et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-vivo analysis of thoracic mechanical response under belt loading: The role of body mass index in thorax stiffness

Poulard

Bermond

Compigne

et al. 2013

Journal of Biomechanics

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Thoracic injuries are a major cause of mortality in frontal collisions, especially for elderly and obese people. Car occupant individual characteristics like BMI are known to influence human vulnerability in crashes. In the present study, thoracic mechanical response of volunteers quantified by optical method was linked to individual characteristics. 13 relaxed volunteers of different anthropometries, genders and age were submitted to non-injurious sled tests (4 g, 8 km/h) with a sled buck representing the environment of a front passenger restrained by a 3-point belt. A resulting shoulder belt force was computed using the external and internal shoulder belt loads and considering shoulder belt geometry. The mid sternal deflection was calculated as the distance variation between markers placed at mid-sternum and the 7th vertebra spinous process of the subject. Force-deflection curves were constructed using resulting shoulder belt force and midsternal deflection. Average maximum chest compression was 7.9±2.3% and no significant difference was observed between overweight subjects (BMI≥25 kg/m²) and normal subject (BMI<25 kg/m²). The overweight subjects exhibited significantly greater resultant belt forces than normal subjects (715±132 N vs. 527±111 N, p<0.05), higher effective stiffness (30.9±10.6N/mm vs. 19.6±8.9 N/mm, p<0.05) and lower dynamic stiffness (42.7±8.71 N/mm vs. 61.7±15.5 N/mm, p<0.05).

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“…Injury mechanisms for the ribs and the whole rib cage have been widely studied, either through experiments (Kent et al, 2004;Vezin and Berthet, 2009;Kuppa and Eppinger, 1998;Trosseille et al, 2008;Hallman et al, 2010;Petitjean et al, 2003;Lessley et al, 2010b) or computational simulations (Murakami et al, 2006;Lizée et al, 1998;Song et al, 2009;Robin, 2001;Vezin and Verriest, 2005;Shigeta et al, 2009;Kimpara et al, 2005;Plank and Eppinger, 1989;Ruan et al, 2003;Li et al, 2010a,b;Kimpara et al, 2006) to determine injury mechanisms and thresholds under diverse load conditions. A significant milestone was achieved in the characterization of the strength of the thorax by accounting for the geo-metrical variations in the rib cage and the rib themselves, and for the effects of biological variations such as aging (Berthet et al, 2005;Ito et al, 2009;Gayzik et al, 2008;Kent et al, 2004). Ribs were shown to have a complex geometry that includes variation in the shape of the cross-section along the rib axis (Kindig, 2009), an increase of the twist from the posterior to the anterior aspect (Mohr et al, 2007), as well as a non uniform distribution of the cortical thickness (Choi and Lee, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tensile material properties of human rib cortical bone under quasi-static and dynamic failure loading and influence of the bone microstucture on failure characteristics

Subit¹,

Dios²,

Valazquez-Ameijide³

et al. 2011

Preprint

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Finite element models of the thorax are being developed to assist engineers and vehicle safety researchers with the design and validation of countermeasures such as advanced restrain systems. Computational models have become more refined with increasing geometrical complexity as element size decreases. These finite element models can now capture small geometrical features with an attempt to predict fracture. However, the bone material properties currently available, and in particular the rate sensitivity, have been mainly determined from compression tests or tests on long bones. There is a need for a new set of material properties for the human rib cortical bone. With this objective, a new clamping technique was developed

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Assessment and analysis of the human rib lateral slopes

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Structural Response of Cadaveric Ribcages Under a Localized Loading: Stiffness and Kinematic Trends

Structural Response of Cadaveric Ribcages Under a Localized Loading: Stiffness and Kinematic Trends

In-vivo analysis of thoracic mechanical response under belt loading: The role of body mass index in thorax stiffness

Tensile material properties of human rib cortical bone under quasi-static and dynamic failure loading and influence of the bone microstucture on failure characteristics

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