Assessing willingness to pay for upgrading toilets in rural areas of Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia, China

Wu, Shu; Li, Li Mi Qin; Li, Huimin; Qin, Li; Mi, Li

doi:10.5004/dwt.2019.23992

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Review literature reveals several factors influencing household WTP for improved sanitation services: age, sex, education level, household size, wealth index, etc. 15 - 22 , 33 Are the WTP-associated factors observed in other contexts similar to those recorded in the Beninese context?…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Similar to the present study, several authors have adopted a dichotomous approach with some variations. 16 , 17 , 19 , 22 , 32 , 33 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The independent variables identified through a literature review include the following 15 - 22 , 32 , 33 : age, sex, level of education, marital status, ethnicity, religion, occupation, knowledge about WASH (Water, Sanitation and Hygiene), exposure level to newspapers, exposure level to radio, exposure level to television, household’s wealth index, household’s water service, household’s hand hygiene service, household size, presence of children under 5 ( Supplemental Table S1 ). The wealth index involves scores for each household based on the quantity and type of consumer goods owned.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding Households’ Willingness to Pay for Improved Sanitation Services in Benin: A Study Protocol

Gaffan,

Kpozehouen,

Degbey

et al. 2024

Environ�Health�Insights

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Nowadays, in Benin, latrine construction by households highly depends on their financial contributions. However, empirical evidence shows that many households are unwilling to invest in adequate sanitation services. The study aims to determine the household’s willingness to pay for improved sanitation services and the associated factors. The study population will include households lacking unimproved sanitation facilities. The household heads will be eligible for survey participation. We will perform a contingent valuation to determine households’ willingness to pay for a Ventilated Improved Pit (VIP) latrine. Following a description of the surveyed population, we will assess willingness to pay using the ‘ doubleb’ command in Stata. Subsequently, we will conduct multivariate logistic regression to determine the factors associated with willingness to pay. The expected results will be: a description of the basic characteristics of households without improved sanitation services, an estimation of household willingness to pay for VIP latrines using the contingent valuation, and factors associated with household willingness to pay for VIP latrines. This study will contribute to the literature on household demand for improved sanitation services in Benin.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Similar to the present study, several authors have adopted a dichotomous approach with some variations. 16 , 17 , 19 , 22 , 32 , 33 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Understanding Households’ Willingness to Pay for Improved Sanitation Services in Benin: A Study Protocol

Gaffan,

Kpozehouen,

Degbey

et al. 2024

Environ�Health�Insights

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show abstract

“…Compared with households that had not performed any renovations a relatively larger proportion of households that had recently renovated their toilets expressed willingness to invest more than CNY 2000 in further renovations. A previous survey found that mean willingness to pay for toilets among rural households was USD 73 (CNY 525) in the Inner Mongolia region and USD 64 (CNY 460) in Shaanxi province (Wu et al, 2019).…”

Section: Household Attitudes To the Toilet Revolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leveraging a sanitation value chain framework could address implementation challenges and reinvent China’s Toilet Revolution in rural areas

Li,

et al. 2024

Front. Environ. Sci.

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We evaluated the operational, financial, and management challenges within China’s Toilet Revolution by surveying 656 rural households across 10 provinces. The results revealed that the majority of households which renovated their toilets under the Toilet Revolution perceived positive impacts of this on their quality of life and living conditions. Households that had undertaken toilet renovations viewed the program more favorably than households which had not undertaken renovation, and were more willing to engage with the program. Despite the perceived benefits, households were generally hesitant to personally invest in toilet renovation. We uncovered a gap in strategic sanitation planning for post-construction operation and maintenance of toilets, reflecting a “build first, manage later” approach in the Toilet Revolution. We also identified a widespread lack of formal models for management of toilets and toilet products, coupled with high reliance among households on government support and subsidies to fund renovation. To address operational inefficiencies and financial sustainability issues in the program, we propose a novel “Toilet Business” model that leverages a sanitation value chain approach. In this model, private sector engagement, cost management, and market revitalization are crucial components that must be implemented to ensure the program’s long-term success. Overall, our study provides valuable insights into the complexities of implementing large-scale sanitation programs such as the Toilet Revolution.

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“…Poor sanitation around the world results in increased prevalence of disease and increased environmental pollution 8,9 . Unsanitary toilets are recognized worldwide as a threat to ground water and public health 10 . Previous studies have confirmed that poor toilet conditions are linked to increased prevalence of diarrhea 11 , and that household access to improved toilets is often associated with reduced stunting risk 12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between general health knowledge and sanitation improvements: evidence from rural China

2021

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A lack of access to sanitation not only has negative effects on the environment but also results in increased prevalence of disease and adversely affects health outcomes. This paper uses data from a survey in Liaoning Province in China to examine the relationship between general health knowledge and improved sanitation facility access. It also explores the effects of work experience and government subsidies on toilet renovation. Using Logit Regression and Duration Analysis, our results show that general health knowledge had a significant positive correlation with flush toilet use and a significant negative correlation with the average duration of traditional latrine pits use. The results of heterogeneity analysis show that work experience in cities can expand farmers’ horizons, which increases their general health knowledge. However, per capita government subsidies are insufficient and result in no significant impact on general health knowledge. This paper also discusses certain restrictions that prevent general health knowledge from having an effect on toilet renovation. The article finally proposes policy recommendations for rural areas in China to better promote the rural toilet revolution and our results can also provide useful guidelines for drawing up relevant policies in other developing countries.

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Assessing willingness to pay for upgrading toilets in rural areas of Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia, China

Cited by 4 publications

References 46 publications

Understanding Households’ Willingness to Pay for Improved Sanitation Services in Benin: A Study Protocol

Understanding Households’ Willingness to Pay for Improved Sanitation Services in Benin: A Study Protocol

Leveraging a sanitation value chain framework could address implementation challenges and reinvent China’s Toilet Revolution in rural areas

Correlation between general health knowledge and sanitation improvements: evidence from rural China

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