Assessing water scarcity in Malaysia: a case study of rice production

Hanafiah, Marlia Mohd; Ghazali, Nor Fadillah; Harun, Siti Norliyana; Abdulaali, Hayder Saadoon; AbdulHasan, Mahmood Jamal; Kamarudin, Mohd Khairul Amri

doi:10.5004/dwt.2019.23841

Cited by 33 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…These conditions can delay growth and development, reduce yield, and in extreme cases, kill the plant ( Hasan, 2018 ; Hasan et al, 2020b ). Environmental conditions are significant factors that must be controlled during the life cycle of the plant, and various tolerance mechanisms have been suggested based on the biochemical and physiological changes ( Fadillah & Marlia, 2016 ; Hanafiah et al, 2019 ; Harun & Hanafiah, 2018 ; Muhammad-Muaz & Marlia, 2014 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the effects of two laser photobiomodulation techniques on bio-physical properties of Zea mays L. seeds

Hasan

Hanafiah

Al-Hilfy

et al. 2021

PeerJ

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Background Laser applications in agriculture have recently gained much interest due to improved plant characteristics following laser treatment before the sowing of seeds. In this study, maize seeds were exposed to different levels of laser treatment prior to sowing to improve their field performance. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of pre-sowing laser photobiomodulation on the field emergence and growth of treated maize seeds. Methods The maize seeds were first photobiomodulated with two lasers: 1) a helium-neon (He–Ne) red laser (632.8 nm), and 2) a neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) green laser (532 nm). Following three replications of randomized complete block design (RCBD), four irradiation treatments were applied (45 s, 65 s, 85 s, and 105 s) at two power intensities (2 mW/cm2 and 4 mW/cm2). Results Based on the results, maize seeds pretreated with a green laser and 2 mW/cm2 power intensity for 105 s exhibited the highest rate of seed emergence (96%) compared to the untreated control seeds with a lower seed emergence rate (62.5%). Furthermore, maize seeds treated with a red laser for 45 s showed an increased vigor index compared to the other treatment options and the control (P < 0.01). The treatment groups also showed statistically significant differences in seedling growth characteristics compared to the control group p < 0.01. The green laser produced a significant enhancement of about 24.20 cm in seedling length, 8.2 leaves/plant, and 3.4 cm in stem diameter compared to the untreated seeds. Moreover, the green laser treatment showed 57.4 days to anthesis, which was earlier than the untreated seeds (61.4 days). The results showed that the protein, oil, and starch contents of the seeds irradiated with the green laser were 17.54%, 6.18%, and 73.32%, respectively, compared to the seeds irradiated by the red laser with 16.51%, 6.33%, and 71.05%, respectively. Conclusions The photo biomodulation of maize seeds using a green laser light can improve the field emergence, seedling growth, and seed quality of the treated seed compared to the red laser treatment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the effects of two laser photobiomodulation techniques on bio-physical properties of Zea mays L. seeds

Hasan

Hanafiah

Al-Hilfy

et al. 2021

PeerJ

Self Cite

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“…Wastewater is generated from the industrial, domestic, commercial and agricultural sectors [1,2]. Untreated wastewater contains various types of pollutants consisting of organic and inorganic materials with different concentrations [3], depending on the type of human activity that produces the wastewater.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytoremediation of TSS, NH3-N and COD from Sewage Wastewater by Lemna minor L., Salvinia minima, Ipomea aquatica and Centella asiatica

et al. 2020

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The rapid growth of industries has resulted in wastewater generation containing different organic and chemical substances channeled into the water body. This causes the arising of water pollution issues in many regions. The phytoremediation method was introduced in the process of treating water pollution as it is low cost and environmentally friendly. Lemna minor, Salvinia minima, Ipomoea aquatica and Centella asiatica were chosen in this study because they have tolerance to various pollution conditions and are able to remove organic pollutants and heavy metals. The objectives of this study were to determine the water quality before and after treatment, to determine the rate of reduction in total suspended solids (TSS), ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in sewage water through the phytoremediation method and to assess the effectiveness of the plants in the phytoremediation of sewage wastewater. It was found that, Lemna minor, Salvinia minima, Ipomoea aquatica and Centella asiatica were able to reduce TSS by 50.8%, 77.6%, 85.6% and 67.6%, respectively; NH3-N by 80.4%, 89.9, 97.3% and 79.1%, respectively; and COD by 75%, 82%, 44.8% and 36.46%, respectively. In this study, it was found that sewage wastewater treatment using Ipomoea aquatica was more efficient in reducing NH3-N and Salvinia minima was more efficient in reducing TSS and COD values.

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“…Scenario 4 has the best performance to reduce water stress in the dry season but has the second performance to reduce water stress in the wet season. The study from another region that has the similar characteristic of intensive rice production area like Juru watershed in Penang State, Malaysia WTA has an extreme water stress at 0.999 [70]. Water eco-efficiency (WEE) analysis results in Figure 8a3 show that Scenarios 2 and 3 changing rice to sugarcane and rice to cassava had the best and second best performance because the higher price of the crop made more benefit than maize in the Scenario 4.…”

Section: Wef Nexus In the Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 93%

Water, Energy and Food Nexus in Rice Production in Thailand

et al. 2019

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This research introduces an approach to analyze the nexus of water, energy and rice production system at the watershed scale. The nexus relationship equations, developed to suit the local scale facilitating analysis in the rice production sector, were integrated with a Material Flow Analysis tool to expand the visualization capability. Moreover, the nexus flow was linked with the selected resource security, eco-efficiency and economic indicators, taking into account the spatial and temporal effect of water availability. The study covers the nexus resource flows not only in the rice production sector but also all other sectors in the whole watershed to assess local resource security. The tool covers wider implications, trade-offs and synergy impacts that were not much covered in previous studies. The tool was applied to evaluate the trade-offs and synergies of the impacts from proposed scenarios of alternative agricultural practices and land-use change options. The scenarios applying land-use change, and changing non-suitable and low-suitable rice cultivation areas to sugarcane and cassava, can reduce water use significantly resulting in reducing the nexus energy while the impact on economics, food security and direct energy use is small.

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Assessing water scarcity in Malaysia: a case study of rice production

Cited by 33 publications

References 29 publications

Comparison of the effects of two laser photobiomodulation techniques on bio-physical properties of Zea mays L. seeds

Comparison of the effects of two laser photobiomodulation techniques on bio-physical properties of Zea mays L. seeds

Phytoremediation of TSS, NH3-N and COD from Sewage Wastewater by Lemna minor L., Salvinia minima, Ipomea aquatica and Centella asiatica

Water, Energy and Food Nexus in Rice Production in Thailand

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