Assessing toxicity of hydrophobic aliphatic and monoaromatic hydrocarbons at the solubility limit using novel dosing methods

Parkerton, Thomas F.; Letinski, Daniel J.; Febbo, Eric; Butler, Josh D.; Sutherland, Cary A.; Bragin, Gail E.; Hedgpeth, Bryan M.; Kelley, Barbara A.; Redman, Aaron D.; Mayer, Philipp; Camenzuli, Louise; Vaiopoulou, Eleni

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129174

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…For HepG2 exposure, the correlation between cell and no-cell experiments (pink squares) demonstrates greater PAH recovery in no-cell assays, indicating 83% chemical partitioning to other compartments ( Figure 4 B left). Most comparable to this experimental set-up are studies of passive dosing via several types of polymer materials, including larger O-rings, discs, rods, or tubing of silicone or polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) [ 21 , 24 , 25 , 30 , 36 , 37 ]. These experiments of passive dosing are most commonly applied to aquatic toxicity tests and usually are conducted on a large scale (e.g., vials or large bottles); fewer studies utilized 6- or 24-well plates, and only one study used 96-well plates [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 25 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most comparable to this experimental set-up are studies of passive dosing via several types of polymer materials, including larger O-rings, discs, rods, or tubing of silicone or polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) [ 21 , 24 , 25 , 30 , 36 , 37 ]. These experiments of passive dosing are most commonly applied to aquatic toxicity tests and usually are conducted on a large scale (e.g., vials or large bottles); fewer studies utilized 6- or 24-well plates, and only one study used 96-well plates [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 25 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 ]. Thus, our data show that while O-rings are a feasible donor on a large scale; this method is less preferred in micro-scale in vitro assays.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several recent studies have sought to improve the dosing approaches by increasing throughput, testing compatibility with hydrophobic or very complex substances, or by applying them to mammalian cell-based assays. The use of silicone donor varieties to passively dose hydrophobic substances is the most common approach [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]. Many of these studies used polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) as surrogate hydrophobic compounds for understanding the toxicity of complex petroleum substances [ 33 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dosing Methods to Enable Cell-Based In Vitro Testing of Complex Substances: A Case Study with a PAH Mixture

Cordova

Ford

Valdiviezo

et al. 2022

Toxics

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Cell-based testing of multi-constituent substances and mixtures for their potential adverse health effects is difficult due to their complex composition and physical–chemical characteristics. Various extraction methods are typically used to enable studies in vitro; however, a limited number of solvents are biocompatible with in vitro studies and the extracts may not fully represent the original test article’s composition. While the methods for dosing with “difficult-to-test” substances in aquatic toxicity studies are well defined and widely used, they are largely unsuited for small-volume (100 microliters or less) in vitro studies with mammalian cells. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate suitability of various scaled-down dosing methods for high-throughput in vitro testing by using a mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Specifically, we compared passive dosing via silicone micro-O-rings, cell culture media-accommodated fraction, and traditional solvent (dimethyl sulfoxide) extraction procedures. Gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) was used to evaluate kinetics of PAH absorption to micro-O-rings, as well as recovery of PAH and the extent of protein binding in cell culture media with and without cells for each dosing method. Bioavailability of the mixture from different dosing methods was also evaluated by characterizing in vitro cytotoxicity of the PAH mixture using EA.hy926 and HepG2 human cell lines. Of the tested dosing methods, media accommodated fraction (MAF) was determined to be the most appropriate method for cell-based studies of PAH-containing complex substances and mixtures. This conclusion is based on the observation that the highest fraction of the starting materials can be delivered using media accommodated fraction approach into cell culture media and thus enable concentration-response in vitro testing.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Dosing Methods to Enable Cell-Based In Vitro Testing of Complex Substances: A Case Study with a PAH Mixture

Cordova

Ford

Valdiviezo

et al. 2022

Toxics

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“…Partition‐controlled delivery has been used in many studies to expose organisms to PACs (Bera et al, 2018; Butler et al, 2013; Colvin et al, 2020, 2021; Engraff et al, 2011; Hammershøj et al, 2020; Knap et al, 2017; Parkerton et al, 2021; Philibert et al, 2023; Renegar et al, 2017; Smith et al, 2010; Turner et al, 2021). However, the present study is one of the first studies to use partition‐controlled delivery to spike seawater with an oxidized hydrocarbon and our study demonstrated that the toxicity of fluorenone was comparable to that of other PACs with similar K OW values.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Temperature Alter the Toxicity of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds to American Lobster (Homarus americanus) Larvae

Philibert

Marteinson

Jourdan

2023

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) present in the water column are considered to be one of the primary contaminant groups contributing to the toxicity of a crude oil spill. Because crude oil is a complex mixture composed of thousands of different compounds, oil spill models rely on quantitative structure–activity relationships like the target lipid model to predict the effects of crude oil exposure on aquatic life. These models rely on input provided by single species toxicity studies, which remain insufficient. Although the toxicity of select PACs has been well studied, there is little data available for many, including transformation products such as oxidized hydrocarbons. In addition, the effect of environmental influencing factors such as temperature on PAC toxicity is a wide data gap. In response to these needs, in the present study, Stage I lobster larvae were exposed to six different understudied PACs (naphthalene, fluorenone, methylnaphthalene, phenanthrene, dibenzothiophene, and fluoranthene) at three different relevant temperatures (10, 15, and 20 °C) all within the biological norms for the species during summer when larval releases occur. Lobster larvae were assessed for immobilization as a sublethal effect and mortality following 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h of exposure. Higher temperatures increased the rate at which immobilization and mortality were observed for each of the compounds tested and also altered the predicted critical target lipid body burden, incipient median lethal concentration, and elimination rate. Our results demonstrate that temperature has an important influence on PAC toxicity for this species and provides critical data for oil spill modeling. More studies are needed so oil spill models can be appropriately calibrated and to improve their predictive ability. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;00:1–11. © 2023 SETAC

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“…processes can occur and alter the oil composition, including biodegradation, evaporation, dissolution, emulsification, dispersion and photo degradation (Acosta-González et al 2015;Hilário et al 2019;Anjos et al 2020). The action of weathering on oil differs from existing environmental sites and conditions when and where the oil has been released influence the way that organisms are exposed to oil, as well as the toxicity of oil/water mixtures (Forth et al 2017;Maloney et al 2021;Parkerton et al 2021). These properties are particularly challenging for accidental spills; where exposures vary due to physical forces (e.g.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Toxicity For Mysidopsis Juniae Species In Case...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Toxicity for Mysidopsis Juniae Species in Cases of Oil Spill in the Brazilian Potiguar Basin

Anjos¹,

Silva²,

Silva³

et al. 2023

Rev. Foco

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This study aimed to assess the toxicity of the water soluble fraction (WSF) and correlate the effects of three oils and their compositions, through the bioassay with the Mysidopsis juniae, the analysis of n-alkanes and specific gravity. The PET01 and PET02 oils were classified as light oils ºAPI 39.8 and 32.8 and paraphynics with more abundant n-alkane ranges from n-C10 to n-C16, and n-C9 to n-C32. The PET03 oil was classified as heavy (°API 19.7), with more abundant hydrocarbons in the range of n-C29 and n-C33. It was also possible to evaluate the concentrations of metals in petroleum, Ba (3.41-4.45 mg/kg), Fe (5.42-9.01 mg/kg), Zn (0.18-0.53 mg/kg) and Ni (1.77-3.55 mg/kg) were present in the composition and may have harmful effect even at low concentrations. The acute toxicity of WSF from the oils varied by oil type, with LC50 11.4-27.6 of % WSF. Spill simulations indicated that short-term exposures in areas spilled with these oils are less toxic, but with increasing oil and seawater contact time (>1 h), the toxicity and solubility of total BTEX increases. The toxicity of the samples was directly related to the composition of the oils and categorized by the ecotoxicological risk to the environment from PET01 > PET02 > PET03. These results provide reliable data for ecotoxicological risk assessments in cases of oil spillage in marine environments.

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Assessing toxicity of hydrophobic aliphatic and monoaromatic hydrocarbons at the solubility limit using novel dosing methods

Cited by 7 publications

References 31 publications

Dosing Methods to Enable Cell-Based In Vitro Testing of Complex Substances: A Case Study with a PAH Mixture

Dosing Methods to Enable Cell-Based In Vitro Testing of Complex Substances: A Case Study with a PAH Mixture

Changes in Temperature Alter the Toxicity of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds to American Lobster (Homarus americanus) Larvae

Evaluation of Toxicity for Mysidopsis Juniae Species in Cases of Oil Spill in the Brazilian Potiguar Basin

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