“…These compositional variables are often used as covariates (also known as independent, explanatory, or predictor variables) when attempting to understand different types of phenomena. For example, LULC change is the major driver of biodiversity decline and ecosystem integrity loss throughout the world (Díaz et al, 2019; Tilman et al, 2017) and, as a result, there has been considerable interest in understanding how the surrounding LULC influences a wide range of phenomena, such as animal behavior (e.g., Gallo et al, 2022; Giroux et al, 2023; Noonan et al, 2022; Paviolo et al, 2018; Zeller et al, 2016), occurrence/abundance of species (e.g., Canibe et al, 2022; Fink et al, 2020; Miller et al, 2019; Valle et al, 2022), water quality and pollutant concentration (Hoek et al, 2008; Piffer et al, 2021), perception of environmental problems (Suchy et al, 2023), and disease incidence (e.g., Machado et al, 2023; Valle & Tucker Lima, 2014).…”