Assessing the toxic potential of enteropathogenic Bacillus cereus

Jeßberger, Nadja; Kranzler, Markus; Riol, Claudia Da; Schwenk, Valerie; Buchacher, Tanja; Dietrich, Richard; Ehling‐Schulz, Monika; Märtlbauer, Erwin

doi:10.1016/j.fm.2019.103276

Cited by 35 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…So far, all B. thuringiensis isolates in this study showed the genetic premises (presence of enterotoxin genes) to provoke the diarrhoeal type of food poisoning. Nevertheless, prerequisites for B. cereus enterotoxin production and cytotoxicity are also spore germination [ 14 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ] and motility [ 14 , 44 , 45 , 46 ] in the host’s intestine.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…B. thuringiensis spores were prepared as described previously [ 14 , 31 , 32 ]. Briefly, 100 mL of minimal sporulation medium (1 mM MgCl 2 × 6 H 2 O, 1 mM Ca(NO 3 ) 2 × 4 H 2 O, 12.5 µM ZnCl 2 , 2.5 µM CuCl 2 , 2.5 µM CoCl 2 × 6 H 2 O, 2.5 µM Na 2 MoO 4 × 2 H 2 O, 5 µM (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , 0.066 µM MnSO 4 × H 2 O, 1 mM FeSO 4 and 1 M maltose in bacto nutrient broth (Oxoid, Wesel, Northrhine-Westphalia, Germany); pH 7.6) were inoculated with 0.5% overnight culture (see Section 2.1 ) and incubated for three days at 32 °C and 200 rpm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two biological with three technical replicates for each strain were incubated in 96-well plates at 37 °C for one hour. As described before [ 14 ], OD 620 was measured every three minutes in a Tecan photometer using Ridawin software. Germination is shown as the decrease of OD 620 (in %) per time.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…B. cereus s. s. is a human pathogen that causes two types of foodborne diseases, the emetic syndrome due to cereulide intoxication and the diarrhoeal type of disease [ 12 ]. The latter arises from an infection with vegetative cells, which produce enterotoxins, mainly the non-haemolytic enterotoxin (Nhe), haemolysin BL (Hbl) and cytotoxin K (CytK), in the human intestine [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Like B. cereus , B. thuringiensis exhibits the enterotoxin genes nhe, hbl and cytK [ 18 , 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enteropathogenic Potential of Bacillus thuringiensis Isolates from Soil, Animals, Food and Biopesticides

Schwenk

Riegg

Lacroix³

et al. 2020

Foods

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Despite its benefits as biological insecticide, Bacillus thuringiensis bears enterotoxins, which can be responsible for a diarrhoeal type of food poisoning. Thus, all 24 isolates from foodstuffs, animals, soil and commercially used biopesticides tested in this study showed the genetic prerequisites necessary to provoke the disease. Moreover, though highly strain-specific, various isolates were able to germinate and also to actively move, which are further requirements for the onset of the disease. Most importantly, all isolates could grow under simulated intestinal conditions and produce significant amounts of enterotoxins. Cytotoxicity assays classified 14 isolates as highly, eight as medium and only two as low toxic. Additionally, growth inhibition by essential oils (EOs) was investigated as preventive measure against putatively enteropathogenic B. thuringiensis. Cinnamon Chinese cassia showed the highest antimicrobial activity, followed by citral, oregano and winter savory. In all tests, high strain-specific variations appeared and must be taken into account when evaluating the hazardous potential of B. thuringiensis and using EOs as antimicrobials. Altogether, the present study shows a non-negligible pathogenic potential of B. thuringiensis, independently from the origin of isolation. Generally, biopesticide strains were indistinguishable from other isolates. Thus, the use of these pesticides might indeed increase the risk for consumers’ health. Until complete information about the safety of the applied strains and formulations is available, consumers or manufacturers might benefit from the antimicrobial activity of EOs to reduce the level of contamination.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Enteropathogenic Potential of Bacillus thuringiensis Isolates from Soil, Animals, Food and Biopesticides

Schwenk

Riegg

Lacroix³

et al. 2020

Foods

Self Cite

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“…Foodborne illness resulting from food contamination by pathogenic bacteria such as Bacillus cereus (B. cereus), 1 Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), 2 Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium), 3 and Escherichia coli (E. coli) 4 is considered a global health concern. 5 Cancer involves abnormal cell division, which is also a global problem that poses a great threat to human health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Chitosan And N, N, N-Trimethyl Chitosan Nanoparticle Encapsulation Of <em>Ocimum Gratissimum</em> Essential Oil: Optimised Synthesis, In Vitro Release And Bioactivity</p>

Onyebuchi¹,

Kavaz²

2019

IJN

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Background: The encapsulation of plant essential oils (EOs) with polymeric materials (e.g. chitosan (CS) and N, N, N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC)) and the further reduction of the polymers into their nano sizes are gaining research interest in nanotechnology due to potential applications in medical drug delivery systems as well as the food and pharmaceutical industry. The present study reports a novel approach for the synthesis of Ocimum gratissimum essential oil (OGEO)-loaded CS and TMC nanoparticles with distinct bioactive and physiochemical properties. Methods: The OGEO-loaded CS and TMC nanoparticles were characterised using various microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. The bioactive compounds in Ocimum gratissimum methanolic extract (OG-MeOH) and EOs was evinced with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Total phenolic content (TPC) of OGEO and OG-MeOH was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The in vitro drug release kinetic pattern was ascertained by membrane dialysis, while antioxidant activity was determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrozyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method. The disc diffusion method was used for antibacterial activity evaluation, while MTT and a trypan blue dye exclusion assay were used to assess cytotoxic activity on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Results: GC-MS analysis revealed components that have not been previously reported for Ocimum gratissimum. The maximum OGEO cumulative drug release percentage in vitro was observed at pH 3 for both OGEO-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (OGEO-CSNPs) and OGEOloaded N, N, N-trimethyl chitosan nanoparticles (OGEO-TMCNPs). The antioxidant activity of OGEO-CSNPs and OGEO-TMCNPs never reached a steady state after 75 h. OGEO-TMCNPs exhibited antibacterial activity at a lower concentration for both Gram-negative and Gram-positive food pathogens. In vitro cytotoxicity revealed the increased toxicity of OGEO-TMCNPs on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. Conclusion: OGEO-loaded CS and TMC nanoparticles were synthesised using a novel material optimisation approach. The synthesised nanoparticles have shown a promising application in the pharmaceutical and food industries.

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Enteropathogene Bacillus cereus in Lebensmitteln

2023

Lebensmittelchemie

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Assessing the toxic potential of enteropathogenic Bacillus cereus

Cited by 35 publications

References 60 publications

Enteropathogenic Potential of Bacillus thuringiensis Isolates from Soil, Animals, Food and Biopesticides

Enteropathogenic Potential of Bacillus thuringiensis Isolates from Soil, Animals, Food and Biopesticides

<p>Chitosan And N, N, N-Trimethyl Chitosan Nanoparticle Encapsulation Of <em>Ocimum Gratissimum</em> Essential Oil: Optimised Synthesis, In Vitro Release And Bioactivity</p>

Enteropathogene Bacillus cereus in Lebensmitteln

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