Assessing the thermoformability of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)/poly(acid lactic) blends compatibilized with diisocyanates

González‐Ausejo, Jennifer; Sánchez-Safont, Estefanía; Lagarón, José M.; Olsson, Richard T.; Gámez‐Pérez, José; Cabedo, Luis

doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2017.06.026

Cited by 33 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Except for the 100/10/30 and 100/30/30 systems, the rates and time periods of disintegration of the studied samples are within the same range of the values reported in literature for different PHA based materials . In addition, regardless of the rate of disintegration, all systems have reached more than 90% disintegration within the period of time established in ISO 20200, so they can be considered biodisintegrable under composting conditions.…”

Section: Disintegrability In Composting Conditionssupporting

confidence: 75%

PHBV/TPU/cellulose compounds for compostable injection molded parts with improved thermal and mechanical performance

Sánchez-Safont

Arrillaga

Anakabe

et al. 2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Poly(hydroxybutyrate‐co‐valerate) (PHBV) is a biopolymer that has gained a lot of attention because of its biodegradability, good thermal resistance, and balanced mechanical properties with respect to some commodity plastics. However, it presents two big limitations that hinder its potential application in replacing plastics for rigid injected parts: high cost and low toughness. Aiming at overcoming these limitations, the use of two additives in a PHBV matrix was explored: thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) as an impact modifier and cellulose as reinforcing filler. Compounds of PHBV with different TPUs and cellulose contents were prepared by extrusion and, subsequently, injection molding. The morphology, thermal, and mechanical properties of the so‐obtained materials were analyzed. Also, the biodisintegrability under standard composting conditions of the studied compositions was also assessed. The results of this work show that the obtained PHBV/TPU/cellulose compounds are biodisintegrable and show balanced properties in terms of thermal resistance–stiffness–toughness. These properties point these compounds as potential candidates to replace commodities in rigid part applications that require biodisintegration in their end‐of‐life, being able to be processed in a conventional injection molding industrial facility. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47257.

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Section: Disintegrability In Composting Conditionssupporting

confidence: 75%

PHBV/TPU/cellulose compounds for compostable injection molded parts with improved thermal and mechanical performance

Sánchez-Safont

Arrillaga

Anakabe

et al. 2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…The experimental time–temperature curve was obtained measuring the temperature of the heated film at different heating times: 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 s, following a similar procedure tested by Gonzalez et al . in their work on the assessment of processability by thermoforming of PHBHV/PLA blends . A fitting of the measured points was then performed.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 91%

Advance on processing of compostable and thermally stable biodegradable polyester blends

Barletta

Aversa

Pizzi

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Flexible and semiflexible packagings can be manufactured by cast extrusion of plastic sheet and thermoforming of containers. Thermal stability is often required as packaging items after being thermoformed can come in contact with hot food/beverage, especially during hot filling operations. In this framework, the present study deals with the design and manufacturing by thermoforming of plastic containers that are, at the same time, compostable and suitable for high‐temperature applications (~100 °C). First, extrusion compounding of Poly(l‐lactic acid) (PLLA)‐based biodegradable polyester blends was performed. In particular, the effect on the material properties of different types of nucleating agents was investigated. Combinations of micro‐lamellar talc, poly(d‐lactic acid) (PDLA), ethylene bisstearamide (EBS), and titanium dioxide (TiO2) were studied. The formulations involving EBS boast the highest crystallinity and the fastest onset of the crystalline phase on sheets produced by cast extrusion. Conversely, the formulations involving TiO2 feature the lowest degree of crystallinity and the slowest onset of the crystalline phase. Combinations of talc and PDLA exhibit an intermediate behavior. Second, thermoforming of the plastic foils was performed. A very different trend of the crystallization after thermoforming is shown. Indeed, crystallinity is the highest for the formulations involving talc and PDLA, the lowest for the ones containing EBS. In conclusion, the biodegradable polyester blends are found to be suitable for the manufacturing of compostable and thermostable packaging items by cast extrusion and thermoforming. Final crystallization of the material and the resulting thermal stability can be fine‐tuned by modulating type and amount of nucleating agents. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48722.

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“…In our case, the best results were obtained for a heat resistance temperature fixed at 600 °C, a heating time of 35 s, and 7 s applying vacuum. The difficulties of thermoforming semicrystalline polymers [ 18 , 51 , 52 ] and even more filled with fibers are well recognized, so the results obtained here are very promising.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Indeed, the processing temperature window of PHB is very narrow: the lower limit is relatively high due to its high crystallinity, and the upper limit is relatively low because of its poor thermal stability in molten state (the degradation temperature is close to the melting temperature [ 7 ]). Altogether, these factors make PHB quite difficult to process, especially in the case of thermoforming [ 18 ]. In addition, one of the main limiting factors is its current high price.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the Compatibilization Effect of Different Reactive Agents in PHB/Natural Fiber-Based Composites

et al. 2020

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Fiber–matrix interfacial adhesion is one of the key factors governing the final properties of natural fiber-based polymer composites. In this work, four extrusion reactive agents were tested as potential compatibilizers in polyhydroxylbutyrate (PHB)/cellulose composites: dicumyl peroxide (DCP), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI), resorcinol diglycidyl ether (RDGE), and triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC). The influence of the fibers and the different reactive agents on the mechanical properties, physical aging, and crystallization behavior were assessed. To evaluate the compatibilization effectiveness of each reactive agent, highly purified commercial cellulose fibers (TC90) were used as reference filler. Then, the influence of fiber purity on the compatibilization effect of the reactive agent HMDI was evaluated using untreated (U_RH) and chemically purified (T_RH) rice husk fibers, comparing the results with the ones using TC90 fibers. The results show that reactive agents interact with the polymer matrix at different levels, but all compositions showed a drastic embrittlement due to the aging of PHB. No clear compatibilization effect was found using DCP, RDGE, or TGIC reactive agents. On the other hand, the fiber–polymer interfacial adhesion was enhanced with HMDI. The purity of the fiber played an important role in the effectiveness of HMDI as a compatibilizer, since composites with highly purified fibers showed the greatest improvements in tensile strength and the most favorable morphology. None of the reactive agents negatively affected the compostability of PHB. Finally, thermoformed trays with good mold reproducibility were successfully obtained for PHB/T_RH/HMDI composition.

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Assessing the thermoformability of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)/poly(acid lactic) blends compatibilized with diisocyanates

Cited by 33 publications

References 31 publications

PHBV/TPU/cellulose compounds for compostable injection molded parts with improved thermal and mechanical performance

PHBV/TPU/cellulose compounds for compostable injection molded parts with improved thermal and mechanical performance

Advance on processing of compostable and thermally stable biodegradable polyester blends

Study of the Compatibilization Effect of Different Reactive Agents in PHB/Natural Fiber-Based Composites

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