Assessing the Supportiveness of Healthcare Environments’ Light and Color: Development and Validation of the Light and Color Questionnaire (LCQ)

Lindahl, Jeanette; Thulesius, Hans; Rask, Mikael; Wijk, Helle; Edvardsson, David; Elmqvist, Carina

doi:10.1177/1937586720975209

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…The satisfactory content and internal validity (>90%) and high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha coefficient = .9) support the use of the LCQ-P and LCQ-F questionnaires for research and development purposes. A total of 600 questionnaire responses confirmed, through exploratory factor analysis, that light and color are distinct and independent dimensions that create perceptions of more or less supportiveness for respondents ( Lindahl et al, 2020 )…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…This study of an EBD intervention focusing on altering light and color by refurbishing and remodeling an ED in south Sweden revealed a significantly higher score for self-reported support from light and color for patients and family members after the EBD intervention compared to before. We used the LCQ-P/F versions to assess whether and the degree to which light and color were perceived as supportive in the physical care environment (Lindahl et al, 2020). The Light sections on the LCQ-P and LCQ-F yielded higher overall scores than did the Color section of the LCQ-P and LCQ-F both before and after the EBD intervention; however, the scores for Color section of the LCQ-P and LCQ-F increased the most.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study employed a self-report survey design in which questionnaires were distributed to patients upon arrival at the ED. The survey included the following: sample characteristics ( Table 1 ), three validated questionnaires, the 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12), and the Light and Color Questionnaire-Patient (LCQ-P) and Light and Color Questionnaire–Family-Member versions (LCQ-F; Lindahl et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The LCQ-P and LCQ-F ( Lindahl et al, 2020 ) are self-report questionnaires with a 6-point Likert-type scale (from 0 = no, I disagree completely to 5 = yes, I agree completely ) designed to evaluate support from light and color in the physical environment of an ED. The LCQ-P and LCQ-F contains 11 items each: six statements for light (0–max 30) and five statements for color (0–max 25) with a focus on six dimensions derived from the Professional Environmental Assessment Protocol, namely, maximizing awareness and orientation , maximizing safety and security , supporting functional abilities , providing privacy , opportunities for personal control (opportunities for personal control excluded in the Color subscale), and regulation and quality of stimulation .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Perceived Support From Light and Color Before and After an Evidence-Based Design Intervention in an Emergency Department Environment: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Lindahl

Thulesius

Wijk

et al. 2023

HERD

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Aim: To evaluate patients’ and family members’ perceived support from light and color before, compared with after an evidence-based design (EBD) intervention at an emergency department (ED) using a validated instrument—the Light and Color Questionnaire (LCQ). Background: EDs offer acute care day and night. Thus, a supportive physical environment where light and color is crucial for how the milieu is experienced is vital. Research is limited on how care settings are perceived as supportive by users. Methods: Quasi-experimental evaluation of the refurbishing and remodeling of an ED by an expert group of nurse managers, nursing staff, nursing researchers and architects in south Sweden. LCQ includes dimensions “maximizing awareness and orientation,” “maximizing safety and security,” “supporting functional abilities,” “providing privacy,” “opportunities for personal control” (not for LCQ-Color), and “regulation and quality of stimulation.” LCQ was analyzed and compared in 400 surveys from 100 patients and 100 family members before the intervention and 100 patients and 100 family members after the intervention. Results: The LCQ total score significantly improved after the intervention for both patients and family members. Four of the six dimensions of LCQ Light subscale scores were significantly higher for family members, and three of the six dimensions were significantly higher for patients after the intervention. The LCQ Color subscale score showed significant improvements for all five dimensions for both patients and family members after the intervention. Conclusion: This study showed improved perceived support from light and color in the physical environment for patients and family members after an EBD intervention at an emergency department using a validated instrument—the Light and Color Questionnaire.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Perceived Support From Light and Color Before and After an Evidence-Based Design Intervention in an Emergency Department Environment: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Lindahl

Thulesius

Wijk

et al. 2023

HERD

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“…As Bachelard has shown, shadow is also a way of inhabiting a space and may provide emotional security for patient, family member, or healthcare worker. Soliciting user experience, for instance, by using self-report questionnaires (Lindahl et al, 2021), may help to understand how to tailor light and color to the individual's emotional needs.…”

Section: Light Color and The Emotional Experience Of The Patientmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moving Toward Person-Centered Care: Valuing Emotions in Hospital Design and Architecture

Bogaert

2021

HERD

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The intangible value of emotions is often neglected in healthcare evaluations; however, it forms an important part of the hospital experience that needs to be taken into consideration to move toward person-centered care. This article conceptualizes how space and architecture may influence patient, family, and healthcare provider emotions. Building upon Gaston Bachelard’s Poetics of Space, theories on emotional design and architecture, as well as research in environmental design, we suggest several ways to value emotions in hospital design and architecture. The first theme explores several hospital spaces (the waiting room, the hospital room, the treatment room) using Bachelard’s phenomenology in order to show how to facilitate emotional security by catering to the individual needs of the user. The second discusses the overall hospital room environment, notably the influence of light, color, and sound on the patient’s emotional experience. The third explores architectural theorist Giuliana Bruno’s theory of e(motion) to explore the hospital space as vissuto, a space of lived experiences, that invites us to rethink the design and architecture of hospital spaces to allow for patient participation. The article also gives suggestions of qualitative, person-centered methodologies that can be used to move forward this debate.

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The Impact of the Healthcare Environment on Patient Experience in the Emergency Department: A Systematic Review to Understand the Implications for Patient-Centered Design

Rowe

Knox

2022

HERD

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Background: The emergency department (ED) is a complex, volatile, and limited-resource healthcare setting. Many environmental factors, including high patient volumes, overburdened staff, long waits, and a tense atmosphere, converge in the ED. The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review of extant literature to understand how the ED environment drives patient experience and identify methodological or empirical insights for patient-centered ED design. Methods: We searched eight academic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Medline [Ovid], CINAHL, PyscInfo, Compendex, and IEEE Explore) to identify studies that employed observational (descriptive) or interventional (evaluative) methodology. We performed a co-citation analysis of potentially eligible articles and a qualitative synthesis of findings from studies included in our final sample. Results: Our search yielded 117 records. Of the 35 potentially relevant articles, 18 were published in the last 5 years, and 50% were authored by investigators in the United States. We used 33 articles for a co-citation analysis, revealing three interdisciplinary clusters and promising potential for collaboration across fields. Thirty articles were subjected to a full-text analysis, resulting in the identification of three overarching dimensions linking the ED environment to patient experience. Conclusion: The most commonly identified factors influencing patient experience in the ED included overcrowding and wait times, privacy, and communication; however, existing literature is limited. More research is needed to understand how ED environments configure patient experience and can be improved through design. Particularly, there is little research on participatory interventional strategies in the ED, despite strong evidence suggesting a need for stakeholder participation.

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Assessing the Supportiveness of Healthcare Environments’ Light and Color: Development and Validation of the Light and Color Questionnaire (LCQ)

Cited by 8 publications

References 30 publications

The Perceived Support From Light and Color Before and After an Evidence-Based Design Intervention in an Emergency Department Environment: A Quasi-Experimental Study

The Perceived Support From Light and Color Before and After an Evidence-Based Design Intervention in an Emergency Department Environment: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Moving Toward Person-Centered Care: Valuing Emotions in Hospital Design and Architecture

The Impact of the Healthcare Environment on Patient Experience in the Emergency Department: A Systematic Review to Understand the Implications for Patient-Centered Design

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