Assessing the spatial effects of economic freedom on forest-products, grazing-land, and cropland footprints: The case of Asia-Pacific countries

Assessing the Impact of Selected Determinants on Renewable Energy Sources in the Electricity Mix: The Case of ASEAN Countries

“…Looking ahead to future research, including natural gas and coal price variations (as opposed to price levels) and exploiting data with a longer time horizon would likely better explain the effects of the selected determinants on the share of RE and its various sources in electricity generation. Future research can also bundle RE sources by their characteristics (such as whether RE sources have cooling technology or not [51]), incorporate spatial and time heterogeneity in the analyses [9,10,52,53], and include more related variables such as energy policy (mandatory versus voluntary), different types of emissions (e.g., SO 2 , NOx, CH 4 ), ecological footprint, and foreign direct investment, among other variables.…”

“…That would help to decarbonize the economy and further boost the world's appetite for RE and other clean energy sources [3]. Last, RE technologies are supported by the public [4,5], have the potential to create clean employment opportunities and provide social benefits [6,7], and assist countries to achieve their climate mitigation goals [8][9][10].…”

Environmental regulation, land use efficiency and industrial structure upgrading: Test analysis based on spatial durbin model and threshold effect

“…According to the research conducted by scholars such as Mohsen Mohammadi Khyareh [ 97 ], Abdo AlBarakani [ 98 ], and Mamkhezri Jamal [ 99 ], among them, the external adjustment factors stimulate the optimization of regional industrial structure by affecting the introduction and transfer of provincial industries. After enhancing regional government competition, policy intervention and investment are carried out for regional pillar industries, so as to make regional industrial technology innovation, so as to attract intensive industries to move in, improve regional economic level, feed back regional public construction, promote population migration [ 100 ], and form a virtuous circle.…”

Assessing the spillover effects of research and development and renewable energy on CO2 emissions: international evidence

“…Further, since R&D expenditures contain both capital and current expenditures in the primary four sectors of business enterprise, government, higher education, and private nonprofit, future researchers should control for other variables such as different types of related economic-freedom indicators, economic-complexity indexes, foreign direct investment, agriculture's share of GDP, and other types of pollutants, to name a few. Our results were estimated using two-way time-and spatial-fixed-effects models; future research should estimate similar models using threshold, nonparametric, and other spatial econometrics models such as Spatial Durbin models (Mamkhezri et al, 2020c(Mamkhezri et al, , 2022bWang et al, 2022) to capture nonlinearity and spatial heterogeneity in the data. Future studies are also encouraged to explore the CO 2 -COVID-19 nexus in the context of RE and R&D when the data become available.…”