Assessing the Severity of Illness in Patients With Coronavirus Disease in Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study

Alqahtani, Abdulhadi M.; Almalki, Ziyad S.; AlAlweet, Randah M.; Almazrou, Saja; Alanazi, Abdullah Salah; Alanazi, Mona Awad; Alshehri, Abdussalam; Alghamdi, Saleh

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2020.593256

Cited by 27 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…According to preliminary international COVID-19 reports, the clinical manifestations are heterogeneous. The most common comorbidities reported in COVID-19 patients are diabetes (10-12%), hypertension (10-15%), and other vascular and cerebrovascular diseases (7-40%) ( Alguwaihes et al, 2020 , Almalki et al, 2020 , Al Mutair et al, 2020 , Al-Omari et al, 2020 , Alqahtani et al, 2020 , Guan et al, 2020 , Huang et al, 2020 ; X. Li et al, 2020; Liu et al, 2020 , Sanyaolu et al, 2020 , Shah et al, 2020 , Sheshah et al, 2021 ; Z. Wang et al, 2020; Xu et al, 2020 ). Various studies have indicated that 20-51% of COVID-19 patients have at least one comorbidity ( Guan et al, 2020 , Huang et al, 2020 ; X. Li et al, 2020; Liu et al, 2020 , Sanyaolu et al, 2020 , Schoen et al, 2019 , Shah et al, 2020 ; D. Wang et al, 2020; Z. Wang et al, 2020; Xu et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demographics, comorbidities, and outcomes among young and middle-aged COVID-19 patients in Saudi Arabia

Alali

Alshehri

Assiri

et al. 2021

Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal

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The impact of different sociodemographic and clinical characteristics on the COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality rates have been studied extensively around the world; however, there is a dearth of data on the impact of different clinical and sociodemographic variables on the COVID-19-related outcomes in Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to identify those at high risk of worse clinical outcomes, such as hospitalization and longer length of stay (LOS) among young and middle-aged adults (18 to 55 years). In this questionnaire-based cross-sectional study, 706 patients with real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed COVID-19 infection were interviewed. Patients’ demographic characteristics, dietary habits, medical history, and lifestyle choices were collected through phone interviews. Patients with chronic health conditions, such as diabetes and hypertension, reported a higher rate of hospitalization, ICU admission, oxygen-support needs, and a longer period of recovery and LOS. Multiple logistic regression showed that diabetes, hypertension, and pulmonary disease (e.g., asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)) were associated with a higher risk of hospitalization and longer LOS. Multiple logistic regression showed that symptoms of breathlessness, loss of smell and/or taste, diarrhea, and cough were associated with a longer recovery period. Similarly, breathlessness, vomiting, and diarrhea were associated with higher rates of hospitalization. The findings of this study confirm the similarity of the factors associated with worse clinical outcomes across the world. Future studies should use more robust designs to investigate the impact of different therapies on the COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality in Saudi Arabia.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demographics, comorbidities, and outcomes among young and middle-aged COVID-19 patients in Saudi Arabia

Alali

Alshehri

Assiri

et al. 2021

Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal

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“…This is consistent with a report that one-third of patients have no comorbidity according to medical records, [14] but it is lower than the report that 70.7% of patients have one chronic condition and higher than the report that 20.9% patients have 2 or more. [15] Further analysis found that severe cases had more comorbidities than non-severe cases; those who died had more comorbidities than surviving patients. An increased number of comorbidities correlated positively with disease severity and poor prognosis and was also an independent risk factor for progression and poor prognosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[7][8][9][10][11][12] Previous studies have shown that approximately 66.67 ~ 70.70% of COVID-19 patients have comorbidities; common comorbidities are hypertension, cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), malignancy, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and obesity. [13][14][15] DM, hypertension, CVD, active malignancy, and a high number of comorbidities are risk factors for a worse outcome. [16][17][18][19] DM and hypertension, or CVD are common underlying diseases related to death in hospitalized cases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the type of comorbidity,82, 133, 47, 195, 63, 59,15,10,11, 18 and 34 cases were divided into a hypertension subgroup (those with hypertension), hyperlipidaemia subgroup (those with hyperlipidaemia), hyperuricaemia and gout subgroup (those with hyperuricaemia and gout), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) subgroup (those with NAFLD), DM subgroup (those with DM), chronic hepatitis B (CHB) subgroup (those with CHB), COPD subgroup (those with COPD), CKD subgroup…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Old Age, Number and Specific Comorbidities are Closely Related to Progression and Poor Prognosis in Patients with COVID-19

Liu

Zheng

Kang

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background— Some patients with comorbidities and rapid disease progression have a poor prognosis.Aim—In this study, we aimed to investigate the distribution characteristics of comorbidities and their relationship with disease progression and outcomes of COVID-19 patients.Methods— A total of 718 COVID-19 patients were divided into five clinical type groups and eight age-interval groups. The distribution characteristics of comorbidities were compared between the different clinical type groups and between the different age-interval groups, and their relationships with disease progression and outcomes of COVID-19 patients were assessed.Results—Approximately 88.62% (637/718) of the COVID-19 patients were twenty to fifty-nine years old. Approximately 65.73% (554/718) had one or more comorbidities, and common comorbidities included non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), hyperlipidaemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic hepatitis B (CHB), hyperuricaemia and gout. COVID-19 patients with comorbidities were older, especially those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Hypertension, DM, COPD, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and CVD were mainly found in severe COVID-19 patients, and hypertension, CKD and CVD were primarily associated with those who died. Risk factors included the number of comorbidities and hyperlipidaemia for disease severity, age, the number of comorbidities, hyperlipidaemia, NAFLD and COPD for the virus negative conversion time, and the number of comorbidities and CKD for prognosis. Number of comorbidities played a predictive role in disease progression and outcomes.Conclusions—These findings provide a reference for clinicians to focus on the number and specific comorbidities in COVID-19 patients to predict disease progression and prognosis.Clinical Trial Registry: Chinese Clinical Trial Register ChiCTR2000034563

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“…SARS-CoV-2 that cause COVID-19 is different from usual coronaviruses responsible for mild illness such as common cold among human beings [7]. Severe cases of COVID-19 were more likely to have more comorbidities, diabetes, hypertension, and thyroid disorders were most common compared with non-severe cases [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Barriers Influencing COVID-19 Vaccination Uptake among the Public in Saudi Arabia

Ahmed

Alkhawaja

Alrawili

2021

JPRI

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Aim: The aim of this study is to explore barriers that influence COVID-19 vaccination uptake among the public in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This study included an online questionnaire that was prepared using questionnaire of previous study. After that, it was converted using Google® forms to an online form and was disseminated by social media platforms to be completed by the public. Results: Only 13.37% of the respondents believe that COVID-19 is not serious enough to warrant vaccination, about 14.71% agreed that the vaccine does not provide benefit, about 17.64% agreed that the chance of getting COVID-19 disease is low. About 31.37% of them said that they don’t have the time to get vaccinated. About 60.78% of the respondents said that they concerned about the vaccine side effects. Conclusion: The main barrier of COVID-19 vaccination uptake was the vaccine side effects concerns. Health care provider should provide open and transparent information about vaccine safety and the potential vaccine side effects. Health education programs could change people’s thoughts and feelings towards vaccination.

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Assessing the Severity of Illness in Patients With Coronavirus Disease in Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study

Cited by 27 publications

References 28 publications

Demographics, comorbidities, and outcomes among young and middle-aged COVID-19 patients in Saudi Arabia

Demographics, comorbidities, and outcomes among young and middle-aged COVID-19 patients in Saudi Arabia

Old Age, Number and Specific Comorbidities are Closely Related to Progression and Poor Prognosis in Patients with COVID-19

Barriers Influencing COVID-19 Vaccination Uptake among the Public in Saudi Arabia

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