“…Furthermore, the pheromones are separated by larval age: BEP is emitted principally by old larvae and reaches a maximum concentration during the capping stage (Trouiller, Arnold, Le Conte, & Masson, 1991). In contrast, β-ocimene has been identified from different instars with multiple functions (He et al, 2016;Ma, Mueller, & Rangel, 2016;Maisonnasse et al, 2009;Traynor, Le Conte, & Page, 2014;Traynor et al, 2015). Although we cannot exclude its existence in different developmental ages, allo-ocimene has only been found so far in 1-day old larvae, a critical age for queen development that requires a specific signal for the nurse bees to identify queen-destined larvae.…”