Assessing the research base for the policy debate over the effects of food advertising to children

Livingstone, Sonia

doi:10.1080/02650487.2005.11072926

Cited by 83 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…There is a small amount of empirical research assessing interventions in terms skills in identifying persuasive techniques (Hobbs and Frost 2003). This is primarily experimental or observational and is thus somewhat problematic in terms of validity and reliability (Livingstone 2005). Additionally, it does not provide any insights into long-term attitudinal or behavioral change that might have occurred as the result of the programs.…”

Section: Commercially-sponsored Media Literacy Interventions: Availabmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commercial Media Literacy: What Does It Do, to Whom—and Does It Matter?

Eagle

2007

Journal of Advertising

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Commercially-sponsored Media Literacy Interventions: Availabmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commercial Media Literacy: What Does It Do, to Whom—and Does It Matter?

Eagle

2007

Journal of Advertising

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…As reported above, the majority of these studies examined the acute, short-term effects of marketing on children's food behaviours (3-12 years). Many utilised between-subject study designs with children randomised to conditions (n = 63 -1302) [56,[60][61][62][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77]; the remainder within-subject, counterbalanced designs with randomisation to condition order with a washout-period of more than two weeks (n=42-281) [ As previously mentioned, conducting experimental studies in this domain over longer periods is methodologically challenging and expensive [39] and, as such, research of this nature is limited. Two studies, however, give insight to the longer effects of food advertising exposure.…”

Section: Experimental Studies Using Premium Offersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conducting experimental studies with high ecological validity in this field of research is also difficult. Given the prolific and integrated exposure to food marketing in everyday life, isolating its effect in an experimental setting is challenging and, in the longer-term, expensive and methodologically difficult [39]. The 'Bradford Hill Criteria', first published over fifty years ago, are a recognized and widelyused framework against which epidemiological studies may be examined to consider whether a causal interpretation of an observed association is valid [40,41].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Marketing and Advertising on Food Behaviours: Evaluating the Evidence for a Causal Relationship

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The prevention of overweight in childhood is paramount to long term heart-health. Food marketing predominately promotes unhealthy products which if over-consumed will lead to overweight. International health expert calls for further restriction of children's exposure to food marketing remain relatively unheeded, with a lack of evidence showing a causal link between food marketing and children's dietary behaviours and obesity an oft cited reason for this policy inertia. This direct link is difficult to measure and quantify with a multiplicity of determinants contributing to dietary intake and the development of overweight. The Bradford Hill Criteria provide a credible framework by which epidemiological studies may be examined to consider whether a causal interpretation of an observed association is valid. This paper draws upon current evidence that examines the relationship between food marketing, across a range of different media, and children's food behaviours, and appraises these studies against Bradford Hill's causality framework. IntroductionCardiovascular disease (CVD) is largely preventable, yet, globally, it contributes to the greatest burden of premature mortality [1]. Modifiable, diet-related CVD risk factors include overweight and obesity and high consumption of saturated and trans fatty acids, refined carbohydrates and sodium [2,3]. Establishing healthy dietary behaviours and maintaining a healthy weight in childhood is paramount for maximising heart-health [4], however within our current food environment, this has never been more challenging.

show abstract

“…There has also been extensive work demonstrating that breakfast cereals marketed to children are more likely to be HFSS (21,24) . Assessment of other children's products has been performed in countries such as the USA, Canada and Australia, but little research has been undertaken in Europe (14,18,23,25,26) . Existing studies evaluating the differences between children's products and non-children's products have either included baby and toddler foods only or have been limited to small sample sizes (13,27) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Marketing foods to children: a comparison of nutrient content between children's and non-children's products

Lythgoe

Roberts²,

Madden³

et al. 2013

Public Health Nutr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: The predominance of marketing of products high in fat, sugar and/or salt to children has been well documented and implicated in the incidence of obesity. The present study aimed to determine whether foods marketed to children in UK supermarkets are nutritionally similar to the non-children's equivalent, focusing on food categories that may be viewed as healthier options. Design: Nutritional data were collected on yoghurts (n 147), cereal bars (n 145) and ready meals (n 144) from seven major UK supermarkets and categorised as children's or non-children's products based on the characteristics, promotional nature or information on the product packaging. Fat, sugar and salt content was compared per 100 g and per recommended portion size. Setting: UK. Results: Per 100 g, children's yoghurts and cereal bars were higher in total sugars, fat and saturated fat than the non-children's; this was significant for all except sugar and total fat in cereal bars. Per portion these differences remained, except for sugars in yoghurts. Conversely children's ready meals were significantly lower in these nutrients per portion than non-children's, but not when expressed per 100 g. Children's yoghurts and ready meals had significantly lower sodium content than non-children's both per portion and per 100 g. Conclusions: Significant differences between the nutritional composition of children's and non-children's products were observed but varied depending on the unit reference. A significant number of products marketed towards children were higher in fat, sugar and salt than those marketed to the general population.

show abstract

Assessing the research base for the policy debate over the effects of food advertising to children

Abstract: Assessing the research base for the policy debate over the effects of food advertising to children

Cited by 83 publications

References 21 publications

Commercial Media Literacy: What Does It Do, to Whom—and Does It Matter?

Commercial Media Literacy: What Does It Do, to Whom—and Does It Matter?

The Impact of Marketing and Advertising on Food Behaviours: Evaluating the Evidence for a Causal Relationship

Marketing foods to children: a comparison of nutrient content between children's and non-children's products

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About