Assessing the psychometric properties of mother and father forms of the helicopter parenting behaviors questionnaire in a Turkish sample

The mediating role of resilience in the relationship between helicopter parenting and several indicators of mental health among emerging adults

“…These parenting strategies have an impact on the present and future physical, psychological, social, and emotional development of children (Srivastav & Mathur, 2020). An emerging parenting style is called over‐parenting or helicopter parenting (HP), in which parents over‐intervene in their children's lives and provide them with a great deal of assistance in efforts to prevent them from challenges and obstacles (Kömürcü‐Akik & Alsancak‐Akbulut, 2021; LeMoyne & Buchanan, 2011; Leung, Leung, 2021; McGinley & Davis, 2021). Helicopter parents are well‐intentioned and attempt to solve their children's educational‐, social‐, and work‐related difficulties (McGinley, 2018) to make critical decisions for their children to pursue a more fulfilled life (Segrin et al, 2015) and to prevent their children from making mistakes (Carr et al, 2021).…”

Problematic internet use in emerging adulthood to escape from maternal helicopter parenting: defensive functioning as a mediating mechanism

“…Of note, it cannot be excluded that parental gender might influence the relationship between helicopter parenting and PIU differently, as previous research shows that mothers exhibit more helicopter parenting behaviors than fathers both from a perception of parents (Rousseau & Scharf, 2015 ) and their children (Hong & Cui, 2020 ; Kömürcü-Akik & Alsancak-Akbulut, 2021 ; Wang et al ., 2021 ). This pattern might result from the distinct ways mothers and fathers have been socialized as females and males concerning parenting, with mothers having higher levels of participation with their children regarding direct connection, accessibility, and responsibility than fathers (Renk et al ., 2003 ).…”

“…Based on the literature discussed above, the present study aimed at investigating the link between helicopter parenting and PIU by considering the role of defensive functioning in emerging adults. Also, taking into account previous evidence that mothers tend to exhibit more helicopter parenting than fathers (Hong & Cui, 2020 ; Wang et al ., 2021 ; Kömürcü-Akik & Alsancak- Akbulut, 2021 ; Rousseau & Scharf, 2015 ), the study examined whether both mothers’ and fathers’ helicopter parenting were associated with PIU. Specifically, it was hypothesized that defensive functioning would serve as a mediating mechanism, wherein emerging adults who reported higher levels of helicopter parenting would show less mature defensive functioning, which, in turn, would be associated with increased levels of PIU.…”