Assessing the proposed association between DED and gluten‐free diet introduction in celiac children

Abstract

A strong association between celiac disease (CD) and dental enamel defects (DEDs) have been extensively reported, however, the nature of this relationship is still unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate DEDs phenotype in CD individuals according to the time they were introduced to a gluten-free diet (GFD). Forty-five CD individuals were examined by a pediatric dentist. DEDs were classified according to the type of affected teeth. CD individuals were classified into two groups (with or without DEDs) and the differences between these groups were tested using chi-square or Fisher´s exact tests and t-test to compare differences between means. The Pearson coefficient test was used to evaluate the degree of the correlation between the age of GFD introduction and number of affected teeth. Individuals with MIH were introduced earlier to the GFD (p = 0.038). An association was also observed for molar DED (p = 0.013). In conclusion, our study suggested an association between a specific type of DED and the time that CD individuals were introduced to a GFD.

Epitope mapping of anti‐amelogenin IgA in coeliac disease

“…Coeliac disease‐associated developmental enamel defects (CeD‐DED) are symmetrical, time‐synchronized, often horizontal defects that may develop during amelogenesis in children with untreated CeD. Development of normal enamel reoccurs following treatment of active disease with a gluten‐free diet . We and others have reported that IgG and IgA to gliadin cross‐react with amelogenin (AMEL) (the abbreviation ‘AMEL’ is used for both amelogenin X and Y isoforms in this paper, unless referring to the specific X isoform of amelogenin, in which case the abbreviation ‘AMELX’ is used) in adults and paediatric subjects with untreated CeD.…”

Coeliac disease and its implications on the oral health of children: A systematic review

“…These inconsistencies may be caused by several factors, such as different age at CD diagnosis, strict adherence to a gluten-free diet and its duration as well as the type of population represented in the study. 7,16,21,27 Cheng et al 28 also found that a younger age of a patient corresponds to more pronounced defects. It was concluded that younger age at diagnosis may contribute to fewer and less severe CD-related enamel defects.…”

“…The overall prevalence of enamel defects among children suffering from CD varies from 17.9% to 83.5%. These inconsistencies may be caused by several factors, such as different age at CD diagnosis, strict adherence to a gluten‐free diet and its duration as well as the type of population represented in the study 7,16,21,27 . Cheng et al 28 .…”

Celiac Disease-Related Enamel Defects: A Systematic Review

“…The factors contributing to DEDs IIe Immune damage, nutritional disorders, and genetic factors. DEDs are considered specific if they are present symmetrically and chronologically on both sides and distributed in all four quadrants of the permanent teeth, with incisors and molars as the most commonly affected teeth [ 88 ].…”

“…Some researchers suggest a possible common genetic basis or the possibility that enamel defects are caused by nutritional deficiencies related to CD [ 88 ].…”