Assessing the Plant Phytoremediation Efficacy for Azolla filiculoides in the Treatment of Textile Effluent and Redemption of Congo Red Dye onto Azolla Biomass

Abstract

In this work, Azolla filiculoides was used for the bioremediation of a textile effluent and as a potential sorbent for the rejection of Congo red (CR9) dye from a synthetic aqueous solution. The sorbent was characterized, and a pot culture test was carried out to assess the physiological responses in a controlled environment. The response of the plants to the exposure to the emanating pollutants was subordinate. The BOD, COD, and TDS removals were found to be 98.2%, 98.23%, and 90.29%, respectively. Moreover, the dried biomass was studied for the expulsion of CR9, and the process variables were optimized. The maximum CR9 removal was 95% at the optimal conditions of 2 g/L of the sorbent dose at acidic pH. Equilibrium data for adsorption were analyzed using a two-parameter isotherm model. It was observed that the Langmuir isotherm fit with the data (R2 = 0.98) and also had satisfactory lower error values, with its maximum sorption capacity reaching 243 mg/g. The pseudo-second-order kinetics were well fitted (R2 = 0.98). The mass transfer models and the thermodynamic parameters of the system were evaluated. The regeneration studies also showed that the uptake efficacy in the fifth cycle is reduced by 20% when compared with the first cycle. The results show that the biomass was a capable sorbent for the removal of CR9.

Facile synthesis of iron nanoparticles from Camellia Sinensis leaves catalysed for biodiesel synthesis from Azolla filiculoides

“…These results reveal that the highest TOF, indicating its highest efficiency during the transesterification reaction. A similar observation was reported 47 for Al 2 O 3 catalysts with TOFs of 43.2 h –1 . Conversely, the lowest TOF reported of 6.59 h −1 in their biodiesel synthesis study, for catalyst derived from sugarcane bagasse ash 6 , 55 .…”

Sustainable Upcycling of Mushroom Farm Wastewater through Cultivation of Two Water Ferns (Azolla spp.) in Stagnant and Flowing Tank Reactors

“…was previously assessed within the literature. For instance, A. filiculoides showed high BOD, COD, and TDS removals (98.2%, 92.23%, and 90.29%, respectively), when used to treat textile (Congo red dye) wastewater [14]. Moreover, the same species showed detectable high removal efficiencies of Ni, Cd, and Pb (up to 70%) when grown in an aqueous solution [15].…”

Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) Fermented Manure as a Fertilizer to Support Azolla microphylla Growth Rate

“…According to an earlier study (Nuraini et al, 2022), feed added with Azolla increased feed consumption, body weight gain, and feed conversion of broiler chickens. Azolla is also functional as a substitute for urea in fish and livestock feed (Yuniati, 2013), green manure in paddy fields to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers (Brouwer et al, 2018;Bharali et al, 2021;Ssenku et al, 2022) and phytoremediator of heavy metals in water bodies (Sundararaman et al, 2021). As stated by Kollah et al (2016), the use of Azolla may also help regulate N2O emission and NH3 volatilization on agroecosystems also creates a new source of income for farmers.…”