Assessing the maturity of coals and other rocks from North America using the fluorescence alteration of multiple macerals (FAMM) technique

Lo, H.B.; Wilkins, R. J.; Ellacott, Michael V.; Buckingham, C.P.

doi:10.1016/s0166-5162(96)00004-3

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Kerogens were separated from the shale sample and made into polished sections for measurement using a Zeiss microscope and a TIDAS microspectrophotometer. Fluorescence Alteration of Multiple Macerals (FAMM) technology was used for the correction of reflectance [27]. The polished section on the stage was rotated for 360 • slowly and then Rmax was determined based on the principle of photoelectric effect.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upper Paleozoic Transitional Shale Gas Enrichment Factors: A Case Study of Typical Areas in China

Wang

Guo

2020

Minerals

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Based on the shale gas research experience in North America, large-scale geological evaluations have been conducted in China to determine the enrichment characteristics of deep marine shale gas, leading to the discovery of the Fuling, Changning and Weiyuan shale gas fields. However, research on Upper Paleozoic transitional shale gas remains limited, restricting the subsequent exploration and development. Therefore, taking the Lower Permian Shanxi and Pennsylvanian Taiyuan Formations in the northeastern Ordos Basin and the Upper Permian Longtan Formation in southwestern Guizhou as examples, gas logging, gas desorption, thermal simulation, maximum vitrinite reflectance (Rmax), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to study the influence of lithological associations, sedimentary facies, gas generation thresholds, and pore evolution on transitional shale gas, and then Upper Paleozoic transitional shale gas enrichment factors of the northeastern Ordos Basin and southwestern Guizhou were analysed. The results show that carbonaceous mudstone adjacent to coal seams presents a high gas content level, and is primarily developed in swamps in the delta plain environment, and swamps and lagoons in the barrier coastal environment. The gas generation threshold maturity (Rmax) of transitional shale is 1.6% and the corresponding threshold depths of the northeastern Ordos Basin and southwestern Guizhou are estimated to be 2265 m and 1050 m. Transitional shale pore evolution is jointly controlled by hydrocarbon generation, clay minerals transformation, and compaction, and may have the tendency to decrease when Rmax < 1.6% or Rmax > 3.0%, but increase when Rmax ranges between 1.6% and 3.0%, while the main influential factors of pore evolution differ in each period. Continuous distribution of transitional shale gas enrichment areas can be formed along the slope adjacent to coal seams with a moderate maturity range (1.6%–3.0%) in the northeastern Ordos Basin, and transitional shale gas can be enriched in the areas adjacent to coal seams with a moderate maturity range (1.6%–3.0%), abundant fractures, and favorable sealing faults in southwestern Guizhou.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upper Paleozoic Transitional Shale Gas Enrichment Factors: A Case Study of Typical Areas in China

Wang

Guo

2020

Minerals

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“…The result showed that FAMM can effectively correct inhibiting effect of vitrinite reflectivity before the stage of high maturity. Lo (Lo, et al, 1997) and Veld (Veld et al,1997) used this technique to measure the maturity of source rock. With the help of FAMM, Xiao (Xiao et al, 2002) used a laser induced fluorescence microscopy (LIFM) to study the maturities of carbonate rocks with higher maturities.…”

Section: Fluorescence Alteration Of Multiple Macerals (Famm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Based on Common Inverted Microscope to Measure UV-VIS Spectra of Single Oil-Gas Inclusions and Colour Analysis

Yang¹

2012

Advances in Chemical Engineering

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“…tool for determining thermal maturities of sedimentary rocks. FAMM has been used in a number of studies (e.g., Lo et al, 1997;Ujiie et al, 1999;Wilkins, 1999;Michaelson, 2002;Kalkreuth et al, 2004;Petersen et al, 2009;Kassaie et al, 2015). The method and its application to vitrinite reflectance suppression analyses, has been described by Wilkins et al (1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppression Of Vitrinite Reflectance In The Malay And Penyu Basins, Offshore Peninsular Malaysia: A Review Of Available Data And Potential Implications

Madon¹,

Jong²,

Kessler³

et al. 2021

BGSM

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Suppression of vitrinite reflectance is a well-known phenomenon and, if not recognised and corrected for, could potentially have a big impact on the results of thermal history and basin modelling, and seriously affect exploration decisions. The Malay Basin is known to have shown evidence of vitrinite reflectance (Ro) suppression in a selection of wells that were also analysed using the FAMM (Fluorescence Alteration of Multiple Macerals) technique. Analysis of available data suggests that potential vitrinite reflectance suppression may be identified using an empirical regression line which separates “suppressed” from “normal” Ro values based on the FAMM data. The “FAMM minimum regression line” was used to screen through Ro data from 142 wells (drilled between 1969 and 2005) in the Malay Basin and it is estimated that a quarter of those wells might be affected by suppression. Possible suppression was also noted in the Penyu Basin, where bottom-hole temperatures in some wells are consistently higher than Ro-derived temperatures. The regression line could be used as a tool for quick screening of legacy Ro data for potential suppression of vitrinite reflectance. At the very least, it could raise suspicion about the quality of the Ro data and trigger further investigation as to whether the suppression is “real”, and help justify additional or specialised laboratory analyses such as FAMM and VIRF (Vitrinite-Inertinite Reflectance and Fluorescence) to correct for suppression.

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Assessing the maturity of coals and other rocks from North America using the fluorescence alteration of multiple macerals (FAMM) technique

Cited by 17 publications

References 10 publications

Upper Paleozoic Transitional Shale Gas Enrichment Factors: A Case Study of Typical Areas in China

Upper Paleozoic Transitional Shale Gas Enrichment Factors: A Case Study of Typical Areas in China

Based on Common Inverted Microscope to Measure UV-VIS Spectra of Single Oil-Gas Inclusions and Colour Analysis

Suppression Of Vitrinite Reflectance In The Malay And Penyu Basins, Offshore Peninsular Malaysia: A Review Of Available Data And Potential Implications

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