Assessing the magnetic flux leakage contraction parameters for the fatigue life prediction of SAE1045 steel specimens

Sahadan, Siti Norbaya; Abdullah, Shahrum; Arifin, Ahmad Mubarak Tajul; Singh, Salvinder Singh Karam

doi:10.1016/j.istruc.2021.10.004

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This made it possible for the method to provide the best assessment of damage severity. [ 37 ]. The dH(y)/dx signals were chosen for additional analysis to identify the severity of the flaws on the surface of the scanned specimen [ 34 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatigue Life Assessment of API Steel Grade X65 Pipeline Using a Modified Basquin Parameter of the Magnetic Flux Leakage Signal

et al. 2023

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This paper presents a modified fatigue life model of the Basquin equation using the stress parameter of the magnetic flux leakage signal. Most pipeline steels experience cyclic loading during service and the influence of the load history makes assessing fatigue behaviour more difficult. The magnetic flux leakage signal’s response to a uniaxial cyclic test of API X65 steel was measured with eight levels of ultimate tensile stress loads. The influence of dH(y)/dx on fatigue failure was the main concern in this study, the aim being to represent localised stress parameters in the modified Basquin equation. Both fatigue lives, experimental and predicted from the modified Basquin equation, were validated through reliability analysis, producing a 60% value when approaching 1.8 × 105 cycles. The fatigue data from the experiment produced a higher mean-cycle-to-failure value than the prediction data, with slightly different values of 3.37 × 105 and 3.28 × 105. Additionally, the modified Basquin equation’s predicted and the experimental fatigue lives were found to have a high R2 correlation value of 0.9022. The Pearson correlation also showed a good relationship between the fatigue lives, with an r value of 0.9801. Finally, the modified Basquin equation based on dH(y)/dx signals provided an accurate and alternative method for durability assessment.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatigue Life Assessment of API Steel Grade X65 Pipeline Using a Modified Basquin Parameter of the Magnetic Flux Leakage Signal

et al. 2023

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“…The evaluation of pipeline integrity often involves the implementation of various nondestructive testing techniques (NDT) [49]. These strategies employ a range of NDT modalities, including ultrasonic testing (UT) [55,56], magnetic particle inspection (MPI) [57,58], magnetic flux leakage (MFL) [59][60][61], eddy-current testing [62], guided wave pipeline inspection (GWPI) [63,64], and cathodic protection measurement (CP) [65,66]. Each technique offers unique advantages in its ability to inspect pipelines without causing damage or disruption.…”

Section: Remotely Operated Vehicles (Rov)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Autonomous and Remotely Operated Vehicles in Offshore Structure Inspections

Fun Sang Cepeda,

Freitas Machado,

Sousa Barbosa

et al. 2023

JMSE

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Operators of offshore production units (OPUs) employ risk-based assessment (RBA) techniques in order to minimise inspection expenses while maintaining risks at an acceptable level. However, when human divers and workers are involved in inspections conducted at high heights, the operational risks can be significant. Recently, there has been a growing trend towards the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), autonomous surface vehicles (ASVs), remotely operated vehicles (ROVs), and autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) for inspections of offshore structures as a means to reduce exposure to human risk. This article provides an analysis of these vehicle inspection capabilities and their potential to enhance robustness and safety within the oil and gas industry. The review assesses both the advantages and the drawbacks associated with these innovative systems, providing valuable comparisons and assessments on their potential use as viable alternatives to conventional inspection methods.

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“…In this study, the normal segment of magnetic intensity, Hp(y), was used because it provided the best evaluation in terms of damage exposure [16]. The acquired raw signals, normal component of magnetic intensity, Hp(y), were converted to the gradient component of magnetic intensity signals, dH(y)/dx, both in length-based forms.…”

Section: Theoretical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Uniaxial Fatigue Stress under Magnetic Flux Leakage Signals using Morlet Wavelet

Firdaus

Arifin

Abdullah

et al. 2022

Frattura Ed Integrità Strutturale

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This paper demonstrates the application of continuous wavelet transform technique for magnetic flux leakage signal generated during a uniaxial fatigue test. This is a consideration as the magnetic signal is weak and susceptible to being influenced by an external magnetic field. The magnetic flux leakage signal response of API steel grade X65 is determined using Metal Magnetic Memory under cyclic load conditions ranging from 50% to 85% of the UTS. To facilitate further signal analysis, the magnetic flux gradient, the dH(y)/dx signal were converted from a length base into time series in this study. Magnetic flux leakage readings indicated a maximum UTS load of 56.5 (A/m)/mm at 85%, where a higher load resulted in a higher reading and the signal contained Morlet wavelet coefficient energy of 1.02×106 µe2/Hz. As increasing percentages of UTS loads were applied, the signal analysis revealed an increasing linear trend in the dH(y)/dx and wavelet coefficient energy. The analysis revealed a strong correlation between the wavelet coefficient energy and the dH(y)/dx amplitude, as indicated by the coefficient of determination (R2) value of 0.8572. Hence, this technique can provide critical information about magnetic flux leakage signals that can be used to detect high stress concentration zones.

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Assessing the magnetic flux leakage contraction parameters for the fatigue life prediction of SAE1045 steel specimens

Cited by 6 publications

References 23 publications

Fatigue Life Assessment of API Steel Grade X65 Pipeline Using a Modified Basquin Parameter of the Magnetic Flux Leakage Signal

Fatigue Life Assessment of API Steel Grade X65 Pipeline Using a Modified Basquin Parameter of the Magnetic Flux Leakage Signal

Exploring Autonomous and Remotely Operated Vehicles in Offshore Structure Inspections

Detection of Uniaxial Fatigue Stress under Magnetic Flux Leakage Signals using Morlet Wavelet

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