Assessing the life-cycle sustainability of algae and bacteria-based wastewater treatment systems: High-rate algae pond and sequencing batch reactor

Kohlheb, Norbert; Afferden, Manfred van; Lara, Enrique; Arbib, Zouhayr; Conthe, Mónica; Poitzsch, Christoph; Marquardt, Thomas P.; Becker, Mi-Yong

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110459

Cited by 57 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Although when compared with High-Rate Algae Pound (HRAP), the SBR method is considered to be less efficient economically and for the environment, this is caused by its higher Global Warming Potential (GWP) and Eutrophication Potential (EP) values. Additionally, the gas emission released in the form of N 2 O dominates the active mud system in SBR method (40).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Wastewater Treatment Installation and Liquid Waste Quality in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya

Dewi

Azizah

Husnina

et al. 2022

JKL

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: Hospitals are institutions that produce liquid waste that may pollute the environment and have a dangerous impact on health. Hospital waste has the potential to contain hazardous chemicals, pharmaceutical waste, radioactivity and microbiological pathogens in liquid waste that can pollute the environment and disrupt the balance of the ecosystem. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) and the quality of the liquid waste at the Dr. Soetomo General Hospital. Methods: This research was a quantitative descriptive study using secondary data from laboratory analysis of wastewater inlet and outlet of The Central Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) of Dr. Soetomo General Hospital for the January-December 2020 period. Effectiveness was obtained by calculating the difference between the inlet and outlet values of each parameter divided by the inlet value multiplied by 100%. Results and Discussion: WWTP in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya used a central WWTP which had 3 (three) units, namely WWTP Sequence Batch Reactor (SBR), WWTP Membrane Biostrain Reactor (MBR) and WWTP Aerobic Biofilter which aims to improve the quality of liquid waste. Based on the results of the research analysis, it has been found that hospital wastewater treatment using a central WWTP system is effective for reducing the levels of parameters, namely Total Suspended Solid (TSS) by 60.55%, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) by 72.52%, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) by 54.02%, Ammoniacal Nitrogen (NH3N) by 90.91%, Phospate (PO4) by 71.43%, bacteria group E. Coli by 99.93%. The temperature and Potential of Hydrogen (pH) parameters recorded at the outlet are in accordance with the established quality standards. Conclusion: The three WWTP units used in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital are able to treat liquid waste effectively. Liquid waste at each outlet parameter is in accordance with East Java Governor Regulation No. 72 of 2013 concerning quality standards for health facilities waste water, so that the effects of contamination on the environment can be minimized.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Wastewater Treatment Installation and Liquid Waste Quality in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya

Dewi

Azizah

Husnina

et al. 2022

JKL

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Algal based wastewater treatment is more sustainable compared to bacterial based wastewater treatment (Kohlheb et al, 2020). This has been proved by HRAP which is more beneficial than activated sludge based sequencing batch reactors (SBR) both environmentally as well as economically.…”

Section: The Integrated Bacterial-microalgal Approach For Treatment O...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Approaches Integrating Algae and Bacteria for the Degradation of Wastewater Contaminants—A Review

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The traditional approach for biodegradation of organic matter in sewage treatment used a consortium of bacterial spp. that produce untreated or partially treated inorganic contaminants resulting in large amounts of poor-quality sludge. The aeration process of activated sludge treatment requires high energy. So, a sustainable technique for sewage treatment that could produce less amount of sludge and less energy demanding is required for various developed and developing countries. This led to research into using microalgae for wastewater treatment as they reduce concentrations of nutrients like inorganic nitrates and phosphates from the sewage water, hence reducing the associated chemical oxygen demand (COD). The presence of microalgae removes nutrient concentration in water resulting in reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and toxic heavy metals like Al, Ni, and Cu. Their growth also offers opportunity to produce biofuels and bioproducts from algal biomass. To optimize use of microalgae, technologies like high-rate algal ponds (HRAPs) have been developed, that typically use 22% of the electricity used in Sequencing Batch Reactors for activated sludge treatment with added economic and environmental benefits like reduced comparative operation cost per cubic meter, mitigate global warming, and eutrophication potentials. The addition of suitable bacterial species may further enhance the treatment potential in the wastewater medium as the inorganic nutrients are assimilated into the algal biomass, while the organic nutrients are utilized by bacteria. Further, the mutual exchange of CO2 and O2 between the algae and the bacteria helps in enhancing the photosynthetic activity of algae and oxidation by bacteria leading to a higher overall nutrient removal efficiency. Even negative interactions between algae and bacteria mediated by various secondary metabolites (phycotoxins) have proven beneficial as it controls the algal bloom in the eutrophic water bodies. Herein, we attempt to review various opportunities and limitations of using a combination of microalgae and bacteria in wastewater treatment method toward cost effective, eco-friendly, and sustainable method of sewage treatment.

show abstract

“…Additionally, the cocultivation of microalgae with bacteria allows for secondary wastewater treatment by the removal of nutrients and organic matter, at reduced costs. These two approaches allow to carry out the treatment of wastewater with microalgae without sterilizing the wastewater [30], while avoiding the economic and energetic costs for the supply of oxygen (O 2 ) for bacteria and CO 2 for microalgae [87][88][89].…”

Section: Secondary Treatment With Microalgaementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since mechanical aeration causes up to 50% of the operating costs of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). To solve this problem, the cocultivation of microalgae and bacteria could lead to economic and environmental benefits [13,89,90]. Obviously, the benefits are not always clear and effective when moving from laboratory prototypes to an industrial scale [19].…”

Section: Secondary Treatment With Cocultivation Microalgae-bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the contrary, 1 kg of BOD removed in a mixotrophic algal system does not require energy inputs, and in theory, the microalgae biomass obtained could anaerobically generate methane for 1 kW/h of electricity. For all these reasons, large-scale treatment with mixotrophic metabolism microalgae could represent a valid solution, especially for lower energy consumption [88,89]. However, it remains crucial to identify the conditions that allow maximum oxidation of BOD coupled with photosynthetic CO 2 fixation in order to maximize the net energy yields from wastewater treatment with microalgae with mixotrophic metabolism.…”

Section: Secondary Treatment With Microalgae With Mixotrophic Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Review about Microalgae Wastewater Treatment for Bioremediation and Biomass Production—A New Challenge for Europe

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Microalgae have received much attention in the last few years. Their use is being extended to different fields of application and technologies, such as food, animal feed, and production of valuable polymers. Additionally, there is interest in using microalgae for removal of nutrients from wastewater. Wastewater treatment with microalgae allows for a reduction in the main chemicals responsible for eutrophication (nitrogen and phosphate), the reduction of organic substrates (by decreasing parameters such as BOD and COD) and the removal of other substances such as heavy metals and pharmaceuticals. By selecting and reviewing 202 articles published in Scopus between 1992 and 2020, some aspects such as the feasibility of microalgae cultivation on wastewater and potential bioremediation have been investigated and evaluated. In this review, particular emphasis was placed on the different types of wastewaters on which the growth of microalgae is possible, the achievable bioremediation and the factors that make large-scale microalgae treatment feasible. The results indicated that the microalgae are able to grow on wastewater and carry out effective bioremediation. Furthermore, single-step treatment with mixotrophic microalgae could represent a valid alternative to conventional processes. The main bottlenecks are the large-scale feasibility and costs associated with biomass harvesting.

show abstract

Assessing the life-cycle sustainability of algae and bacteria-based wastewater treatment systems: High-rate algae pond and sequencing batch reactor

Cited by 57 publications

References 26 publications

Effectiveness of Wastewater Treatment Installation and Liquid Waste Quality in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya

Effectiveness of Wastewater Treatment Installation and Liquid Waste Quality in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya

Biological Approaches Integrating Algae and Bacteria for the Degradation of Wastewater Contaminants—A Review

A Review about Microalgae Wastewater Treatment for Bioremediation and Biomass Production—A New Challenge for Europe

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About