Assessing the inhibitory account of retrieval-induced forgetting with implicit-memory tests.

Perfect, Timothy J.; Moulin, Chris J. A.; Conway, Martin; Perry, Elizabeth J.

doi:10.1037/0278-7393.28.6.1111

Cited by 75 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In recall tasks, some experiments report RIF effects with item-specific cues such as Fruit-Or_____ (e.g., M. C. Anderson & Bell, 2001; M. C. Anderson, E. L. Bjork, & R. A. Bjork, 2000;Bäuml, 2002;Bäuml & Hartinger, 2002), whereas others have failed to find them (Butler, Williams, Zacks, & Maki, 2001;Perfect, Moulin, Conway, & Perry, 2002). The evidence is similarly mixed in recognition tasks.…”

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confidence: 81%

Retrieval-induced forgetting in recall and recognition of thematically related and unrelated sentences

et al. 2005

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confidence: 81%

Retrieval-induced forgetting in recall and recognition of thematically related and unrelated sentences

et al. 2005

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“…For healthy controls, recognizing previously-studied, weak associates may reflect both implicit and explicit mnemonic processes, the former influenced by familiarity and the latter by directed study and practice. Other studies of normal controls have also shown priming for implicit memory tests of recognition, instead of the RIF effect of worse performance for unpracticed items from practiced categories (Perfect et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of retrieval inhibition in the associative memory impairment of schizophrenia

AhnAllen¹,

Nestor²,

McCarley³

et al. 2007

Psychiatry Research

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To examine retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF) in schizophrenia, subjects studied category-exemplar words taken from either strong or weak categories, and then practiced retrieval by completing category word-stems on half of the word pairs. Patients had reduced recall and recognition, but showed the expected RIF effect of better recall of unpracticed items from unpracticed categories than for unpracticed items from practiced categories. By contrast, patients and controls showed differing RIF for recognition as a function of categorical dominance: whereas controls showed RIF only for dominant category exemplar word pairs, patients showed RIF for both dominant and weak categories. Different patterns of baseline practiced retrieval for weak associate pairs in schizophrenia may explain this finding. The results failed to support faulty RIF in the associative memory impairment of schizophrenia.

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“…Perfect et al (2002) found retrieval-induced forgetting with two implicit memory tests, but these tests did not employ independent cues. Instead, studied category cues were used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the word-fragment completion task could not be regarded as truly implicit. Perfect, Moulin, Conway, and Perry (2002) used five different tests of implicit memory in the retrieval-practice paradigm: category generation, category verification, perceptual identification, category-cued perceptual identification, and word-stem completion. The retrieval-induced forgetting effect was found only with the category generation task and the category verification task.…”

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confidence: 99%

Retrieval-induced forgetting in implicit memory tests: The role of test awareness

Camp

Pecher

Schmidt

2005

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review

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A number of studies using the retrieval-practice paradigm have shown that inhibition can play a role in retrieval from memory (for a review, see Anderson, 2003). In the retrieval-practice paradigm, participants first study a number of category-exemplar pairs, followed by retrieval practice with half of the studied exemplars from half of the studied categories. Retrieval practice is carried out using a category-plus-word-stem cued recall task. Their memory is then tested for both practiced and unpracticed exemplars. Typically, results show an increase in recall for practiced items (RPϩ items) and a decrease in recall for unpracticed items (RPϪ items) that belong to the same category as the practiced items, when compared with exemplars from categories that received no retrieval practice (NRP items). In this final recall test, the names of the studied categories are used as cues.Anderson and Spellman (1995) adapted the retrievalpractice paradigm and found retrieval-induced forgetting using independent extralist retrieval cues. These results led Anderson and Spellman to conclude that retrievalinduced forgetting is an inhibitory effect and that the relation between the category and the exemplar or between the practiced and unpracticed items within the category is not inhibited, but rather the unpracticed item itself. They considered cue-independent forgetting to be an empirical criterion for inhibition.However, if retrieval-induced forgetting is due to item inhibition, it should also be found using different types of tests. In principle, the retrieval-induced forgetting effect should be found with any type of test assessing the activation of the inhibited item. A number of studies have investigated the validity of this claim using implicit memory tasks rather than the category-cued recall task used traditionally in the test phase of the retrieval-practice paradigm. Unlike what is done in explicit memory tasks such as category-cued recall, no reference is made to the study phase in implicit memory tasks.Butler, Williams, Zacks, and Maki (2001) used a wordfragment completion task to test implicit memory in the retrieval-practice paradigm. They did not obtain retrievalinduced forgetting. Nor did they obtain retrieval-induced forgetting in several experiments with explicit tests of memory such as word-fragment-cued recall, categoryplus-word-fragment-cued recall, and category-plus-stemcued recall. They found retrieval-induced forgetting only in the standard category-cued recall condition. Therefore, retrieval-induced forgetting seems to depend more on visually presenting a part of the target item than on whether the final memory test is implicit or explicit. In addition, Butler et al. note that most participants detected the connection between the test phase and the study and practice phases. Therefore, the word-fragment completion task could not be regarded as truly implicit.Perfect, Moulin, Conway, and Perry (2002) used five different tests of implicit memory in the retrieval-practice paradigm: category generation, cate...

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Assessing the inhibitory account of retrieval-induced forgetting with implicit-memory tests.

Cited by 75 publications

References 13 publications

Retrieval-induced forgetting in recall and recognition of thematically related and unrelated sentences

Retrieval-induced forgetting in recall and recognition of thematically related and unrelated sentences

The role of retrieval inhibition in the associative memory impairment of schizophrenia

Retrieval-induced forgetting in implicit memory tests: The role of test awareness

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