Assessing the Implementation of Interventions Addressing Socioeconomic Inequalities in Cancer Screening in High-Income Countries

Abstract

Background: The context of an intervention may influence its effectiveness and success in meeting the needs of the targeted population. Implementation science frameworks have been developed, but previous literature in this field has been mixed. This paper aimed to assess the implementation success of interventions, identified from a systematic review, that reduced inequalities in cancer screening between people in low and high socioeconomic groups.Design and Methods: The implementation framework by Proctor et al. was utilised to assess the potential success of 6 studies reporting on 7 interventions in the “real-world” environment. A standardised rating system to identify the overall implementation success of each intervention was established.Results: Four interventions (57%) demonstrated high potential to be implemented successfully. Interventions included enhanced reminder letters and GP-endorsed screening invitations, containing evidence on the acceptability, from participants and stakeholders, appropriateness and direct cost of the intervention. Conclusion: While some interventions reduced socioeconomic inequalities in cancer screening participation, there have been missed opportunities to integrate the experiences of the targeted population into design and evaluation components. This has limited the potential for transferability of outcomes to other settings.

Cancer Screening Rate and Related Factors in the Japanese Child-Rearing Generation

“…Intervention acceptability was achieved by understanding the reasons why people of low socioeconomic status do not participate in cancer screening, targeting a low awareness of cancer screening and addressing inaccurate risk perceptions [ 31 ]. In Japan, each municipality sends information to those who are eligible, but if they are not interested, there is a high possibility that they will just throw it away.…”