Assessing the Impact on Global Climate from General Anesthetic Gases

Andersen, Mads Peter; Nielsen, Ole John; Wallington, Timothy J.; Karpichev, Boris; Sander, Stanley P.

doi:10.1213/ane.0b013e31824d6150

Cited by 178 publications

(151 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The RE of Halon‐2311 has not been assessed in AR4 but was estimated to be in the range of 0.17–0.21 W m −2 ppb −1 (mean: 0.19 W m −2 ppb −1 ) in previous studies [ Andersen et al ., ; Orkin et al ., ]. Both these studies assumed homogeneous mixing throughout the troposphere and Andersen et al .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both these studies assumed homogeneous mixing throughout the troposphere and Andersen et al . [] used the original Pinnock et al . [] method to calculate the instantaneous RE.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We calculate a lower RE with a mean value of 0.13 W m −2 ppb −1 (range: 0.13–0.14 W m −2 ppb −1 ) when using the absorption cross sections from Andersen et al . [] and Orkin et al . [] (Tables and ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lifetime of 3.4 years is taken from Orkin et al [2003]. [187] The RE of Halon-2311 has not been assessed in AR4 but was estimated to be in the range of 0.17-0.21 W m À2 ppb À1 (mean: 0.19 W m À2 ppb À1 ) in previous studies [Andersen et al, 2012b;Orkin et al, 2003]. Both these studies assumed homogeneous mixing throughout the troposphere and Andersen et al [2012b] used the original Pinnock et al [1995] method to calculate the instantaneous RE.…”

Section: Halon-1201 (Chbrf 2 )mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Global warming potentials and radiative efficiencies of halocarbons and related compounds: A comprehensive review

Hodnebrog

Etminan

Fuglestvedt

et al. 2013

Reviews of Geophysics

420

441

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[1] In the mid-1970s, it was recognized that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were strong greenhouse gases that could have substantial impacts on radiative forcing of climate change, as well as being substances that deplete stratospheric ozone. Around a decade later, this group of radiatively active compounds was expanded to include a large number of replacements for ozone-depleting substances such as chlorocarbons, hydrochlorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), bromofluorocarbons, and bromochlorofluorocarbons. This paper systematically reviews the published literature concerning the radiative efficiencies (REs) of CFCs, bromofluorocarbons and bromochlorofluorocarbons (halons), HCFCs, HFCs, PFCs, sulfur hexafluoride, nitrogen trifluoride, and related halogen containing compounds. In addition, we provide a comprehensive and self-consistent set of new calculations of REs and global warming potentials (GWPs) for these compounds, mostly employing atmospheric lifetimes taken from the available literature. We also present global temperature change potentials for selected gases. Infrared absorption spectra used in the RE calculations were taken from databases and individual studies and from experimental and ab initio computational studies. Evaluations of REs and GWPs are presented for more than 200 compounds. Our calculations yield REs significantly (> 5%) different from those in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) for 49 compounds. We present new RE values for more than 100 gases which were not included in AR4. A widely used simple method to calculate REs and GWPs from absorption spectra and atmospheric lifetimes is assessed and updated. This is the most comprehensive review of the radiative efficiencies and global warming potentials of halogenated compounds performed to date.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both these studies assumed homogeneous mixing throughout the troposphere and Andersen et al . [] used the original Pinnock et al . [] method to calculate the instantaneous RE.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Halon-1201 (Chbrf 2 )mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Global warming potentials and radiative efficiencies of halocarbons and related compounds: A comprehensive review

Hodnebrog

Etminan

Fuglestvedt

et al. 2013

Reviews of Geophysics

420

441

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“…Another example is the imposed use of high FGF when sevoflurane is used due to concerns for Compound A or CO formation: although the newer CO 2 absorbents do not produce these substances, the increased cost of the more expensive and less efficient KOH and NaOH free CO 2 absorbent will still be outweighed by the savings made by using less sevoflurane when using an automated CCA machine [14]. Finally, the inhaled anesthetic drugs released during the approximately 200 million anesthetic procedures performed each year globally have a climate impact that is approximately 0.01% of that of the CO 2 released from global fossil fuel combustion [15]. Technology now enables us to even reduce this by another order of magnitude, making our contribution to ozone layer destruction and green house effect exceedingly small.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agent consumption with the Zeus® in the automated closed circuit anesthesia mode with O2/air mixtures

et al. 2014

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BackgroundEarlier software versions of the Zeus® (Lübeck, Dräger, Germany) failed to provide true closed circuit anesthesia (CCA) conditions. We examined whether the latest software (SW 4.03 MK 04672–00) achieves this goal.MethodsIn 8 ASA I–III patients, the CCA mode of the Zeus® was used to maintain the inspired O2 (FIO2) and end-expired sevoflurane % (FAsevo) at 50 and 1.8%, respectively. The fresh gas flow (FGF) of O2 and air and the sevoflurane injection rate (=Vinjsevo, mL liquid sevo/h) were videotaped from the control screen and entered offline into a spreadsheet. Cumulative sevoflurane usage during early wash-in (=0-1 min, CDsevo0-1), late wash-in (=1-5 min, CDsevo1-5), and maintenance (=5-60 min, CDsevo5-60) was calculated, and Vinjsevo between 1 and 60 min was compared with published uptake data.ResultsFAsevo reached 1.8% within 101 (23) sec. CDsevo0-1 was between 1.24 (0.03) and 3.01(0.25) mL (a range is provided because no absolute Vinjsevo values were displayed once Vinjsevo was > 100 mL/h, which occurred between 15 ± 2 and 46 ± 6 sec). CDsevo1-5 was 0.81 (0.37) mL, and CDsevo5-60 was 4.63 (0.94) mL. The Vinjsevo pattern between 1 and 60 min matched previously published uptake data. Brief high FGF periods were used to maintain the target FIO2, and to refill the reservoir bag after external pressure had been applied to the abdomen; subsequent “spikes” wasted 0.08-0.19 mL and 0.14-0.49 mL sevoflurane (1-3% and 3-9% of total agent usage between 1 and 60 min, respectively).ConclusionUnder the conditions specified, the Zeus® approaches CCA conditions so closely that further reductions in agent usage would have minimal economic significance.

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Clinician Knowledge and Attitudes About Climate Change and Health After a Quality Incentive Program

Armand,

Padget,

Pinsky

et al. 2024

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceClimate change is a fundamental threat to human health, and industries, including health care, must assess their respective contribution to this crisis.ObjectiveTo assess the change in knowledge of clinicians who completed a quality incentive program (QIP) measure on climate change and health care sustainability and to examine clinician attitudes toward climate change and their perception of clinical and individual relevance.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe participants in this survey study included employed physicians and psychologists who were part of a hospital physician organization in an academic medical center (AMC) in Boston, Massachusetts. The hospital physician organization provides a QIP with different measures every 6 months and provides incentive payments on completion. The study is based on a survey of participants on completion of a QIP measure focused on climate change and health care sustainability offered from July 2023 through September 2023 at the AMC.ExposureStructured educational video modules.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAfter completion of the modules, the participants reported their baseline and postintervention knowledge on climate change impacts on health and health care sustainability, perceived relevance of the material, and attitudes toward the modules using 5-point Likert scales and free-text comments. Data were analyzed using univariate and multivariable analyses including participant age, gender, and practice specialty.ResultsOf the 2559 eligible clinicians, 2417 (94.5%) (mean [SD] age, 48.9 [11.5] years; range, 29-85 years; 1244 males [51.5%]) participated in the measure and completed the survey. Among these participants, 1767 (73.1%) thought the modules were relevant or very relevant to their lives and 1580 (65.4%) found the modules relevant or very relevant to their clinical practice. Age was not associated with responses. Practitioners in specialties classified as climate facing were more likely to think that the education was relevant to their clinical practice compared with those in non–climate-facing specialties (mean [SD] score, 3.76 [1.19] vs 3.61 [1.26]; P = .005). Practitioners identifying as female were also more likely to consider this education as relevant to their clinical practice compared with male practitioners (mean [SD] score, 3.82 [1.17] vs 3.56 [1.27]; P &lt; .001).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this survey study, a high proportion of clinicians expressed positive attitudes toward education in climate change and health and health care sustainability, with some demographic and specialty variability. These data support that climate and health education in AMCs provides information that practitioners see as relevant and important.

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Assessing the Impact on Global Climate from General Anesthetic Gases

Cited by 178 publications

References 10 publications

Global warming potentials and radiative efficiencies of halocarbons and related compounds: A comprehensive review

Global warming potentials and radiative efficiencies of halocarbons and related compounds: A comprehensive review

Agent consumption with the Zeus® in the automated closed circuit anesthesia mode with O2/air mixtures

Clinician Knowledge and Attitudes About Climate Change and Health After a Quality Incentive Program

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