Assessing the impact on chronic disease of incorporating the societal cost of greenhouse gases into the price of food: an econometric and comparative risk assessment modelling study

Briggs, Adam; Kehlbacher, Ariane; Tiffin, Richard; Garnett, Tara; Rayner, Mike; Scarborough, Peter

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003543

Cited by 80 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 36 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

114

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The present study differs from Wirsenius et al (2010) and Briggs et al (2013) in two respects. First, the previous studies provide emission estimates based on changes in the average diet of the entire population thereby assuming that all households respond to tax induced price changes in the same manner.…”

mentioning

confidence: 61%

“…In comparison, Briggs et al (2013) estimate an emission based food tax of £2.719/tCO2e on foods with above average emissions and find a reduction potential of 7.5 %. Our lower estimates are largely due to our conversion factors being smaller.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To compute food related emissions they use FAOSTAT food balance sheets. Briggs et al (2013) examine the impact of emission based food taxes on health in the UK and conclude that they could significantly reduce food related GHG emissions whilst at the same time improving population health and generating substantial tax revenue. The present study uses a similar approach to Briggs et al (2013) which involves choosing a tax rate based on information about marginal abatement costs, estimating a demand system that is more detailed than the one estimated by Wirsenius et al (2010) including for example fish and beverages, and estimating price elasticities using household data.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The distributional and nutritional impacts and mitigation potential of emission-based food taxes in the UK

et al. 2016

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Agriculture and food production are responsible for a substantial proportion of greenhouse gas emissions. An emission based food tax has been proposed as one option to reduce food related emissions. This study introduces a method to measure the impacts of emission based food taxes at a household level which involves the use of data augmentation to account for the fact that the data record purchases and not consumption. The method is applied to determine the distributional and nutritional impacts of an emission based food tax across socio-economic classes in the UK. We find that a tax of £2.841/tCO2e on all foods would reduce food related emissions by 6.3 % and a tax on foods with above average levels of emissions would reduce emissions by 4.3 %. The tax burden falls disproportionately on households in the lowest socio-economic class because they tend to spend a larger proportion of their food expenditure on emission intensive foods and because they buy cheaper products and therefore experience relatively larger price increases.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The distributional and nutritional impacts and mitigation potential of emission-based food taxes in the UK

et al. 2016

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We screened the title and abstracts of 2027 entries from four databases (FCRN Research Library, PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus) and three reference lists. From these, we identified sixteen studies (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33) that present data linking GHGE and nutritional information or health outcomes of 100 dietary patterns and yielding data on 346 cases of effects on nutritional quality or health outcomes of reduced-GHGE diets. Table 2 details the studies included in the current review.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Association between greenhouse gas emissions of diets and health outcomes Five studies reported the GHGE and health outcomes of diets (18,20,21,24,28) . Of these, two were based on reduced meat and/or dairy consumption and found consistent association between reduced GHGE and positive Are the GHGE data used relevant to the review question(s)?…”

Section: Strength Of Associations Between Greenhouse Gas Emissions Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do low-carbon-emission diets lead to higher nutritional quality and positive health outcomes? A systematic review of the literature

Payne¹,

Scarborough²,

Cobiac³

2016

Public Health Nutr.

Self Cite

113

109

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective:To evaluate what is known about the relative health impacts, in terms of nutrient intake and health outcomes, of diets with reduced greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE). Design: We systematically reviewed the results of published studies that link GHGE of dietary patterns to nutritional content or associated consequences for health. Setting: We included studies published in English in peer-reviewed journals that included data on actual and modelled diets and enabled a matched comparison of GHGE with nutrient composition and/or health outcomes. Subjects: Studies included used data from subjects from the general population, who had taken part in dietary surveys or prospective cohort studies. Results: We identified sixteen eligible studies, with data on 100 dietary patterns. We present the results as dietary links between GHGE reduction and impact on nutrients to limit (n 151), micronutrient content (n 158) and health outcomes (n 25). The results were highly heterogeneous. Across all measures of 'healthiness', 64 % (n 214) of dietary links show that reduced GHGE from diets were associated with worse health indicators. However, some trends emerged. In particular, reduced saturated fat and salt are often associated with reduced GHGE in diets that are low in animal products (57/84). Yet these diets are also often high in sugar (38/55) and low in essential micronutrients (129/158). Conclusions: Dietary scenarios that have lower GHGE compared with average consumption patterns may not result in improvements in nutritional quality or health outcomes. Dietary recommendations for reduced GHGE must also address sugar consumption and micronutrient intake.

show abstract

Carbon tax on milk products and the exact consumer welfare measure in emerging economies

Wehner,

2023

Agribusiness

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Current milk prices do not account for the emissions, environmental externalities, and the excessive resource use that occur during milk production. Imposing a “carbon tax on food” can be a very effective climate change mitigation policy and the ultimate distributional effect depends heavily on the way the tax is implemented. To offset the regressive financial effect, redistribution measures need to be designed and the financial welfare loss can serve as a first orientation for designing these redistribution measures. Current literature mainly uses estimated elasticities from empirical demand systems to approximate the welfare change which can lead to a substantial bias if the tax rate is sufficiently large. In contrast, we calculate the welfare change by using the Exact Consumer Welfare of a carbon tax on milk for selected emerging economies. We show that on average, consumers in upper‐middle‐income economies would face a financial welfare loss of 19.4–176.9 USD (in the value of 2017) measured by the compensating variation (CV), depending on the tax scenario. Among a set of 16 emerging economies, consumers in Argentina (ARG) and Türkiye (TUR) face the highest financial welfare losses. We also find that discrepancies between the Exact Consumer Welfare and the consumer surplus are very small. [EconLit Citations: Q11, Q18].

show abstract

Assessing the impact on chronic disease of incorporating the societal cost of greenhouse gases into the price of food: an econometric and comparative risk assessment modelling study

Cited by 80 publications

References 36 publications

The distributional and nutritional impacts and mitigation potential of emission-based food taxes in the UK

The distributional and nutritional impacts and mitigation potential of emission-based food taxes in the UK

Do low-carbon-emission diets lead to higher nutritional quality and positive health outcomes? A systematic review of the literature

Carbon tax on milk products and the exact consumer welfare measure in emerging economies

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About