31The pattern of the varying climatic conditions in southern Europe over the last million 32 years is well known from isotope studies on deep-ocean sediment cores and the long 33 pollen records that have been produced for lacustrine and marine sedimentary sequences 34 from Greece, Italy and the Iberian margin. However, although relative glacial and 35 interglacial intensities are well studied, there are still few proxies that permit 36 quantitative terrestrial temperature and precipitation reconstruction. In this context, 37 fauna-based climate reconstructions based on evidence preserved in archaeological or 38 palaeontological sites are of great interest, even if they only document short windows of 39 that climate variability, because (a) they provide a range of temperature and 40 precipitation estimates that are understandable in comparison with present climate; (b) 41 they may allow the testing of predicted temperature changes under scenarios of future 42 climate change; and (c) quantitative temperature and precipitation estimates for past 43 glacials and interglacials for specific regions/latitudes can help to understand their 44 effects on flora, fauna and hominids, as they are directly associated with those cultural 45 and/or biological events. Moreover such reconstructions can bring further arguments to 46 the discussion about important climatic events like the Mid-Bruhnes Event, a climatic 47 transition between moderate warmths and greater warmths during interglacials. In this 48 paper we review a decade of amphibian-and reptile-based climate reconstructions 49 carried out for the Iberian Peninsula using the Mutual Ecogeographic Range method in 50 3 order to present a regional synthesis from MIS 22 to MIS 6, discuss the climate pattern 51 in relation to the Mid-Bruhnes Event and the thermal amplitude suggested by these 52 estimates and finally to identify the chronological gaps that have still to be investigated. 53 54